Low carbohydrate versus balanced carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk

Naudé, Celeste E; Schoonees, Anel; Nguyen, Kim Anh; Senekal, Marjanne; Young, Taryn; Garner, Paul; Richardson, Marty; Volmink, Jimmy

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013334

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Thus, measures must be taken to address these issues, such as promoting healthy eating habits and increasing physical activity. Public health campaigns and initiatives can play a crucial role in educating people about the importance of a balanced diet and an active lifestyle [ 13 ]. Policymakers can also implement measures such as food labeling and taxation on unhealthy foods to encourage healthier choices.…”

Section: Introduction To the Western Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried foods, conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy products, and high-fructose products. The present review aims to describe the effect of the Western pattern diet on the metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status; the impact on gut microbiota and mitochondrial fitness; the effect of on cardiovascular health, mental health, and cancer; and the sanitary cost of the Western diet. To achieve this goal, a consensus critical review was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary sources, including bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, and the Web of Science were used to complete the assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords such “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, “metabolic fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental health”, and “metabolism” were used. The following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane to the review’s primary focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings of conferences, and unpublished studies. This information will allow for a better comprehension of this nutritional behavior and its effect on an individual’s metabolism and health, as well as the impact on national sanitary systems. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are made.

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Section: Introduction To the Western Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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“…KD —diets with minimal carbohydrate intake, moderate protein intake and increased fat intake [ 111 , 112 ]. The dynamics of publications on this topic from 2015 to 2021 are shown in Figure 10 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition

Vesnina

Prosekov

Atuchin

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The development and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are significantly influenced by lifestyle, particularly nutrition. The modern level of science and technology development promote personalized nutrition as an efficient preventive measure against atherosclerosis. In this survey, the factors were revealed that contribute to the formation of an individual approach to nutrition: genetic characteristics, the state of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and environmental factors (diets, bioactive components, cardioprotectors, etc.). In the course of the work, it was found that in order to analyze the predisposition to atherosclerosis associated with nutrition, genetic features affecting the metabolism of nutrients are significant. The genetic features include the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genes and epigenetic factors. The influence of telomere length on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and circadian rhythms was also considered. Relatively new is the study of the relationship between chrono-nutrition and the development of metabolic diseases. That is, to obtain the relationship between nutrition and atherosclerosis, a large number of genetic markers should be considered. In this relation, the question arises: “How many genetic features need to be analyzed in order to form a personalized diet for the consumer?” Basically, companies engaged in nutrigenetic research and choosing a diet for the prevention of a number of metabolic diseases use SNP analysis of genes that accounts for lipid metabolism, vitamins, the body’s antioxidant defense system, taste characteristics, etc. There is no set number of genetic markers. The main diets effective against the development of atherosclerosis were considered, and the most popular were the ketogenic, Mediterranean, and DASH-diets. The advantage of these diets is the content of foods with a low amount of carbohydrates, a high amount of vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as foods rich in antioxidants. However, due to the restrictions associated with climatic, geographical, material features, these diets are not available for a number of consumers. The way out is the use of functional products, dietary supplements. In this approach, the promising biologically active substances (BAS) that exhibit anti-atherosclerotic potential are: baicalin, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin and other plant metabolites. Among the substances, those of animal origin are popular: squalene, coenzyme Q10, omega-3. For the prevention of atherosclerosis through personalized nutrition, it is necessary to analyze the genetic characteristics (SNP) associated with the metabolism of nutrients, to assess the state of the microbiota of the GIT. Based on the data obtained and food preferences, as well as the individual capabilities of the consumer, the optimal diet can be selected. It is topical to exclude nutrients of which their excess consumption stimulates the occurrence and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to enrich the diet with functional foods (FF), BAS containing the necessary anti-atherosclerotic, and stimulating microbiota of the GIT nutrients. Personalized nutrition is a topical preventive measure and there are a number of problems hindering the active use of this approach among consumers. The key factors include weak evidence of the influence of a number of genetic features, the high cost of the approach, and difficulties in the interpretation of the results. Eliminating these deficiencies will contribute to the maintenance of a healthy state of the population through nutrition.

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“…Zhang et al previously reported an increased incidence of AF in humans with lower carbohydrate intake over a median follow-up of 22 years [41]. However, it remains unclear if the risk of AF, varying with carbohydrate intake levels, shows significant differences in the short term, such as within a 5-year follow-up period [42]. Moreover, in the current study, the carbohydrate contributes to 44% of the total calories of HPD, which is close to the Institute of Medicine's carbohydrate standard, constituting 45-65% of total caloric intake [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Protein Diet Promotes Atrial Arrhythmogenesis via Absent-in-Melanoma 2 Inflammasome

Song,

Wu,

Robichaux

et al. 2024

Cells

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High-protein diets (HPDs) offer health benefits, such as weight management and improved metabolic profiles. The effects of HPD on cardiac arrhythmogenesis remain unclear. Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, is associated with inflammasome activation. The role of the Absent-in-Melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome in AF pathogenesis remains unexplored. In this study, we discovered that HPD increased susceptibility to AF. To demonstrate the involvement of AIM2 signaling in the pathogenesis of HPD-induced AF, wildtype (WT) and Aim2−/− mice were fed normal-chow (NC) and HPD, respectively. Four weeks later, inflammasome activity was upregulated in the atria of WT-HPD mice, but not in the Aim2−/−-HPD mice. The increased AF vulnerability in WT-HPD mice was associated with abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-release events in atrial myocytes. HPD increased the cytoplasmic double-strand (ds) DNA level, causing AIM2 activation. Genetic inhibition of AIM2 in Aim2−/− mice reduced susceptibility to AF, cytoplasmic dsDNA level, mitochondrial ROS production, and abnormal SR Ca2+-release in atrial myocytes. These data suggest that HPD creates a substrate conducive to AF development by activating the AIM2-inflammasome, which is associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress along with proarrhythmic SR Ca2+-release. Our data imply that targeting the AIM2 inflammasome might constitute a novel anti-AF strategy in certain patient subpopulations.

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Low carbohydrate versus balanced carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk

Abstract: Low carbohydrate versus balanced carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk.

Cited by 8 publications

References 66 publications

Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition

A High-Protein Diet Promotes Atrial Arrhythmogenesis via Absent-in-Melanoma 2 Inflammasome

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