Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier; Beltrán-Velasco, Ana Isabel; Redondo-Flórez, Laura; Martín-Rodríguez, Alexandra; Tornero-Aguilera, José Francisco

doi:10.3390/nu15122749

Cited by 118 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 384 publications

(434 reference statements)

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“…For instance, the vegetarian diet in India, where vegetarianism has been culturally prevalent for centuries, 33 likely presents a different nutritional profile compared with a Western vegetarian diet. [35][36][37] Thus, comparing these varied diets may be difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence related to a vegetarian diet and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: protocol for a scoping review

Moss,

Gitman,

Pinto Sanchez

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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IntroductionMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Given that there is no pharmacological treatment for MASLD, it is imperative to understand whether lifestyle modifications may improve biochemical and pathological outcomes. One commonly proposed dietary modification is the Mediterranean diet; however, vegetarianism may also be a promising intervention. Vegetarianism has been shown to be associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in metabolic syndrome outcomes in coronary artery disease and diabetes; however, the relationship between vegetarian diet and MASLD is less clear. In this scoping review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the current body of evidence related to a vegetarian diet and MASLD.Methods and analysisThe aim of this scoping review is to describe and summarise the current body of evidence related to MASLD and a vegetarian diet. This review will be conducted using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. The literature review will be conducted using the following databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL-Plus, Cochrane Library and Medline. No restriction will be made on publication date. Included studies will encompass clinical trials and observational designs that examine effects or association of vegetarian diet in adults (≥16 years) and report on the incidence, prevalence or progression of MASLD. Grey literature, non-human studies and articles focusing on changes in a specific food or nutraceutical will be excluded. Articles must have an English-language abstract available to be considered for inclusion. Screening and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers. The findings will be summarised with descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationApproval from a medical ethics committee is not required for this review. Once the review is complete, the findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence related to a vegetarian diet and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: protocol for a scoping review

Moss,

Gitman,

Pinto Sanchez

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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“…The combination of animal-based polypeptone and soy protein acid hydrolysate in a 17 : 3 ratio represents an omnivorous dietary pattern, that is typical of the western diet. 22…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein combined with certain dietary fibers increases butyrate production in gut microbiota fermentation

Jackson,

Yao,

Bulut

et al. 2024

Food Funct.

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“…Diet and nutrition have been recognized as one of the nonpharmacological building blocks of ASCVD prevention. The typical western diet is a contemporary eating pattern distinguished by elevated consumption of packaged foods, refined grains, red and processed meats, sugary beverages/food, fried foods, high-fat dairy items, and products containing high-fructose corn syrup [39]. This type of diet has been shown to associate with worse outcome, i.e.…”

Section: Targeting Low-grade Inflammation and C-reactive Protein Via ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

C-reactive protein, pharmacological treatments and diet: how to target your inflammatory burden

Bay,

Arnold,

Waldeyer

2024

Current Opinion in Lipidology

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Purpose of review This article focuses on pharmacological agents as well as dietary changes aimed at the reduction of the inflammatory burden measured by circulating C-reactive protein concentrations. Recent findings Over the last years, repurposed as well as new anti-inflammatory agents have been investigated in outcome trials in the cardiovascular field. Currently, a specific inhibition of the inflammatory cascade via the interleukin-6 ligand antibody ziltivekimab is being explored in large-scale outcome trials, after the efficacy of this agent with regard to the reduction of inflammatory biomarkers was proven recently. Next to the investigated pharmacological agents, specific dietary patterns possess the ability to improve the inflammatory burden. This enables patients themselves to unlock a potential health benefit ahead of the initiation of a specific medication targeting the inflammatory pathway. Summary Both pharmacological agents as well as diet provide the opportunity to improve the inflammatory profile and thereby lower C-reactive protein concentrations. Whilst advances in the field of specific anti-inflammatory treatments have been made over the last years, their broad implementation is currently limited. Therefore, optimization of diet (and other lifestyle factors) could provide a cost effective and side-effect free intervention to target low-grade vascular inflammation.

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Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Cited by 118 publications

References 384 publications

Evidence related to a vegetarian diet and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: protocol for a scoping review

Evidence related to a vegetarian diet and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: protocol for a scoping review

Protein combined with certain dietary fibers increases butyrate production in gut microbiota fermentation

C-reactive protein, pharmacological treatments and diet: how to target your inflammatory burden

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