Low birth weight and psychiatric morbidity; stability and change between adolescence and young adulthood

Lund, Line; Vik, Torstein; Skranes, Jon; Lydersen, Stian; Brubakk, Ann‐Mari; Indredavik, Marit S.

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.01.006

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Low FA values within multiple WM regions, including the corpus callosum, in brains of adolescents born prematurely at very low birth weight [117] are associated with impairment of motor function [118]. Deficits persist into adulthood [119], with cognitive ability, measured in IQ tests, found to be significantly impaired even by 19 years of age [120]. These young adults continue to show decreased FA in major WM tracts, indicating the lasting structural and functional impact of an adverse perinatal event [121].…”

Section: The Prodromal High-risk Phenotype and Onset Of Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligodendroglial Alterations and the Role of Microglia in White Matter Injury: Relevance to Schizophrenia

2013

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Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating mental illness characterized by a broad range of abnormal behaviors, including delusions and hallucinations, impaired cognitive function, as well as mood disturbances and social withdrawal. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease, the causes of schizophrenia are very complex; its etiology is believed to involve multiple brain regions and the connections between them, and includes alterations in both gray and white matter regions. The onset of symptoms varies with age and severity, and there is some debate over a degenerative or developmental etiology. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies have detected progressive gray matter loss in the first years of disease, suggesting neurodegeneration; but there is also increasing recognition of a temporal association between clinical complications at birth and disease onset that supports a neurodevelopmental origin. Presently, neuronal abnormalities in schizophrenia are better understood than alterations in myelin-producing cells of the brain, the oligodendrocytes, which are the predominant constituents of white matter structures. Proper white matter development and its structural integrity critically impacts brain connectivity, which affects sensorimotor coordination and cognitive ability. Evidence of defective white matter growth and compromised white matter integrity has been found in individuals at high risk of psychosis, and decreased numbers of mature oligodendrocytes are detected in schizophrenia patients. Inflammatory markers, including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, are also associated with psychosis. A relationship between risk of psychosis, white matter defects and prenatal inflammation is being established. Animal models of perinatal brain injury are successful in producing white matter damage in the brain, typified by hypomyelination and/or dysmyelination, impaired motor coordination and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex, recapitulating structural and functional characteristics observed in schizophrenia. In addition, elevated expression of inflammation-related genes in brain tissue and increased production of cytokines by blood cells from patients with schizophrenia indicate immunological dysfunction and abnormal inflammatory responses, which are also important underlying features in experimental models. Microglia, resident immune defenders of the central nervous system, play important roles in the development and protection of neural cells, but can contribute to injury under pathological conditions. This article discusses oligodendroglial changes in schizophrenia and focuses on microglial activity in the context of the disease, in neonatal brain injury and in various experimental models of white matter damage. These include disorders associated with premature birth, and animal models of perinatal bacterial and viral infection, oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) and excess (hyperoxia), and elevated systemic proinflammatory cytokine levels. We briefly review the effects of treatme...

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Section: The Prodromal High-risk Phenotype and Onset Of Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligodendroglial Alterations and the Role of Microglia in White Matter Injury: Relevance to Schizophrenia

2013

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“…One study found that a relationship between birth weight and depression in women became stronger once those less than 37 weeks of gestation were excluded from the study (107). Two further studies confirmed that this finding has relevance among those born with very low birth weight (VLBW (111,119). Adjusting for GA also has strong theoretical importance, as it is believed that different mechanisms account for the causes of low birth weight in those born pre-term and those born full-term, with the latter resulting from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and the former resulting from different pathophysiologies or genetic factors (104).…”

Section: Adjusting For Gestational Agesupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Previous studies in this area have tended to focus on broad constructs of psychological or behavior problems (103,107,108,115,116,118), groups of combined psychiatric disorders (112,119), or individual diagnoses without consideration for confounding by highly related diagnoses (110,113,122). If replicated, the current work could lead to a clearer understanding of how IUGR impacts specific mental health disorders and their cooccurrence.…”

Section: Major Findings Fetal Development and Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Epidemiological studies testing the association between various measures of birth weight with later psychopathology have found associations with symptoms of distress (103)(104)(105), depression (106)(107)(108)(109)(110)(111) and/or anxiety (112,113), stress susceptibility (114), depressive and anxious symptoms (115)(116)(117)(118) and psychiatric morbidity (119), which in some cases were found in females only (108,110,116,117). A number of studies which used alternative birth dimensions found associations between higher ponderal index and lifetime depression in women (109), smaller birth length adjusted for gestational length (GA) and child behavioural problems (120), and shorter GA and depression (105).…”

Section: Prenatal Risk Factors For Later Psychopathology Fetal Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early life course determinants of psychopathology

Betts¹

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Background: Mental health problems are associated with a range of adverse outcomes as well as increased risk of later morbidity and premature mortality. Help seeking is uncommon at the early stages of mental health problems. Rather, treatment is often sought by patients after illnesses have already caused considerable distress or had substantial adverse personal, social and economic impacts. The purpose of the current work is to investigate the role of a number of early life course risk factors in the development of later psychopathology, using advanced statistical and epidemiological approaches applied to longitudinal data to ascertain predictive and causal pathways. The overall scope of this thesis is to provide the evidence necessary for developing primary and secondary prevention programs aimed at reducing the burden of mental illness on society. Aim 1:To investigate the role of intrauterine growth restriction in increasing the risk of psychiatric disorders characterised by negative affectivity. Aim 2:To investigate the potential for a transmission of maternal psychopathology to offspring. Aim 3:To assess whether maternal prenatal infection and exposure to stressful life events predict positive psychotic experiences in the offspring directly, or indirectly via postnatal risks and antecedents of psychosis. Aim 4:To investigate potential risk factors for the increased rates of female post-traumatic stress disorders, including gender-specific vulnerability resulting from physical assault and cognitive ability. Methods:The data came from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a prospective pre-birth cohort study which began in 1981 at the Mater Hospital in Brisbane, Australia. The baseline sample consisted of 7,223 pregnant women attending their first obstetric visit for that pregnancy. Since then follow-ups over 21 years have prospectively ascertained a range of health related data on both mother and child. The current work uses predictor variables and covariates from every measurement period, and behaviour and mental health measures ascertained from the offspring at ages 14 and 21 years. A number of statistical and methodological approaches were applied to estimate the longitudinal association between a number of early life course risk factors and later psychopathology, and to account for attrition. Key findings:The relationship between birth weight and later psychopathology was specific to particular psychiatric diagnoses, namely Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders, and comorbid Major Depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorders. The combination of maternal prenatal depressive, anxious and stress symptoms predicted increased internalising and externalising behaviour problems in adolescent and adult offspring. Prenatal maternal infections and stressful life events predicted later offspring psychotic experiences via the intermediaries of early infant illness iii susceptibility and child behaviour problems respectively. The risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder associated with physical assault and ...

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“…Low birth weight has been related to both psychiatric symptoms and psychiatric disorders, such as eating disorders, schizophrenia, and suicidal behavior 44--46 . Some evidence exist that high psychiatric morbidity increases between adolescence and young adulthood among children born SGA or with a low birth weight 47 . An increased risk for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has also been noted among children born SGA and with a low birth weight 48. Similarly, an increased likelihood for autism spectrum disorders among children born preterm has been observed 49 .…”

Section: Psychiatric Morbidity and Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth Characteristics’ Impacton Future Reproduction and Morbidity Among Twins an dSingletons

Bladh¹

2015

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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Low birth weight and psychiatric morbidity; stability and change between adolescence and young adulthood

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Oligodendroglial Alterations and the Role of Microglia in White Matter Injury: Relevance to Schizophrenia

Oligodendroglial Alterations and the Role of Microglia in White Matter Injury: Relevance to Schizophrenia

Early life course determinants of psychopathology

Birth Characteristics’ Impacton Future Reproduction and Morbidity Among Twins an dSingletons

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