Louping-Ill Meningo-Encephalitis a Further Case and a Serological Survey

Lawson, JamesH.; Manderson, W.G.; Hurst, E. Weston

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(49)91328-8

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In some cases this is followed by a further period of raised temperature with more severe neurological signs that in one case were fatal (Williams & Thorburn, 1962). In Northern Ireland, four cases of LIV infection presented as poliomyelitis-like disease (Lawson et al , 1949).…”

Section: Disease In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Louping ill virus: an endemic tick-borne disease of Great Britain

Jeffries

Mansfield

Phipps

et al. 2014

Journal of General Virology

103

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In Europe and Asia, Ixodid ticks transmit tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a flavivirus that causes severe encephalitis in humans but appears to show no virulence for livestock and wildlife. In the British Isles, where TBEV is absent, a closely related tick-borne flavivirus, named louping ill virus (LIV), is present. However, unlike TBEV, LIV causes a febrile illness in sheep, cattle, grouse and some other species, that can progress to fatal encephalitis. The disease is detected predominantly in animals from upland areas of the UK and Ireland. This distribution is closely associated with the presence of its arthropod vector, the hard tick Ixodes ricinus. The virus is a positive-strand RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus, exhibiting a high degree of genetic homology to TBEV and other mammalian tick-borne viruses. In addition to causing acute encephalomyelitis in sheep, other mammals and some avian species, the virus is recognized as a zoonotic agent with occasional reports of seropositive individuals, particularly those whose occupation involves contact with sheep. Preventative vaccination in sheep is effective although there is no treatment for disease. Surveillance for LIV in Great Britain is limited despite an increased awareness of emerging arthropod-borne diseases and potential changes in distribution and epidemiology. This review provides an overview of LIV and highlights areas where further effort is needed to control this disease.

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Section: Disease In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Louping ill virus: an endemic tick-borne disease of Great Britain

Jeffries

Mansfield

Phipps

et al. 2014

Journal of General Virology

103

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“…Louping-ill is primarily a disease of sheep in the British Isles, but a few cases have been reported in man ; all of them have been in laboratory workers or persons handling sheep, such as abattoir workers, in enzootic areas (Rivers and Schwentker, 1934;Davison et al, 1948;Edward, 1948 ;Lawson et al, 1949). The aetiological agent of louping-ill is a group B arbovirus closely related to the Russian tick-borne complex which also includes Far Eastern Russian spring-summer encephalitis, Omsk haemorrhagic fever, Central European tick-borne virus encephalitis, and Kyasanur Forest disease of India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several reported cases louping-ill in man has been described primarily as non-fatal meningoencephalitis with certain characteristics common to the whole group of Russian tickborne encephalitides (Rivers and Schwentker, 1934;Davison et al, 1948 ;Edward, 1948;Lawson et al, 1949;Rivers and Horsfall, 1959). These features are: (1) abrupt onset and a diphasic course of symptoms; (2) an influenza-like initial phase marked by fever, systemic symptoms, and leucopenia; (3) a second phase characterized by During an attempt to isolate Philippine haemorrhagic fever (P.H.F.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Infection with Louping-ill Virus: a Case Study

Cooper¹,

Green²,

Fresh³

1964

BMJ

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BJouR 1627 impression of the teachers was that the majority of affected pupils were sensible and emotionally stable. As to the system affected by the infection, the sudden onset of severe frontal headache associated with vertigo and faintness tended to point to an involvement of the central nervous system rather than of the gastro-intestinal tract, and it was certainly feasible to consider the nausea to be of " central " origin. Conversely, the relatively small amount of vomiting and diarrhoea and the absence of pyrexia tended to exclude the gastro-intestinal system, especially in the absence of any association with a particular food or drink.The duration of symptoms was rather longer than is usual in this type of condition; the slightly shorter period for boys was probably not really significant, and it may simply reflect differences between boys and girls in psychological response to illness. It was not possible to define a period of communicability, but it appeared to be greater than one week-again rather longer than is usual in outbreaks of this character. The relapse rate was very disturbing, and it was not possible to offer an explanation for this phenomenon, but certain features suggested an hysterical element.This outbreak serves to illustrate the practical difficulties experienced by a public health medical officer in dealing in a rapid and effective fashion with " group illness " in a localized community of this nature. The initial difficulty was that of making an on-the-spot diagnosis adequate for the purposes of disposal of cases and the taking of immediate action to prevent the occurrence of further cases (it may well be imagined that a school gymnasium giving the impression of a "casualtyclearing station " is hardly an ideal situation in which to practise careful diagnostic technique). In this instance it did not prove too difficult to exclude gaseous poisoning, but this might not have been so straightforward had the school been of an older type using coal-gas and possibly with defective drains. The second problem was that of the logistics of case disposal; it was found that a substantial number of ambulance vehicles (sitting-case cars) had to be used daily, and this involved considerable rearrangement of other non-emergency ambulance duties. The third and possibly most difficult problem was that of the public-relations aspect of the matter; the condition was soon being discussed by the public at large as the " Coventry mystery virus," but, with the help of the school staff initially and subsequently the co-operation of the press and regional television news broadcasting service, it was possible to utilize the publicity to good purpose. SummaryAn explosive outbreak affecting 404 pupils and two members of staff at three Coventry secondary modern schools is described, in which the prominent symptoms were frontal headache, nausea, and vertigo, accompanied by actual collapse.Arguments are put forward for considering the outbreak to be of infectious (probably viral) origin, although it is admitted that ...

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“…İlk insan enfeksiyonu 1934 yılında bildirilmiştir (33) . Hastalık koyun çobanlığı yapan, mezbahalarda koyun kesimi ile ilgilenen kişiler-de hayvan sağlığı ile ilgili meslek gruplarında ya da laboratuvar çalışanlarında görülmüştür (34) . LIV enfeksiyonları yalnızca koyun ve insanlarla sınırlı olmayıp sığır, keçi, domuz, at, geyik, dağ tavşanı ve orman tavuğu da dâhil olmak üzere çeşitli çiftlik ve yabani hayvan türlerini de enfekte ettiği belirtilmektedir (35) .…”

Section: Louping Ill Virüs (Liv Louping Hastalığı Virüsü)unclassified

An overview of tick-borne viral pathogens in the light of current literature

Aktaş¹,

Aydın²

2017

TMCD

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An Overview of Tick-Borne Viral Pathogens in the Light of Current Literature Keywords: Tick-borne viruses, Heartland virus, CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever GiRiŞKenelere ilişkin ilk yazılara kene humması hakkında MÖ 1550 tarihli Mısır papirüslerinde rastlandığı, yazarı bilinen ilk yazıların ise MÖ 800 yılında Homeros tarafından yazıldığı sanılmaktadır (1) . Hastalıklarla ilişkisi yüzyıllar öncesinden bilinen keneler, insan ve hayvanlarda ölümle sonuçlanabilen çeşitli enfeksiyon etkenlerini taşımaları ile günümüze önemini arttırarak gelmişlerdir.Karasal omurgalı canlı gruplarının tüm sınıfları-nın zorunlu dış paraziti olan kenelerin tek besin

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Louping-Ill Meningo-Encephalitis a Further Case and a Serological Survey

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Louping ill virus: an endemic tick-borne disease of Great Britain

Louping ill virus: an endemic tick-borne disease of Great Britain

Laboratory Infection with Louping-ill Virus: a Case Study

An overview of tick-borne viral pathogens in the light of current literature

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