Lossless Data Hiding Scheme Using Adjacent Pixel Difference Based on Scan Path

Abstract

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" align="left"><span class="text"><span style="font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; font-size: 9pt;">This paper presents a reversible data hiding scheme. The proposed scheme is based on the difference histogram shifting to spare space for data hiding. Nine basic scan paths are defined, and this means all-directional adjacent pixel differences can be obtained. Due to the fact that the grayscale values of adjacent pixels are close to each other, the all-directional adjacent pixel difference histogram contains a large number of points with equal values. Hence, more data can be embedded into the cover image than previous works based on histogram shifting. Furthermore, multi-layer embedding is used to increase the hiding capacity. In each embedding process, we can embed a large number of data into the cover image by choosing the best scan path and the optimized pixel difference. As experimental results have shown, the cover images are able to embed secret data at an average 12.5% of the size of the original images while all the PSNR values of the stego images remain larger than 30 dB.</span></span><span style="font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; font-size: 9pt;"></span></p

Reversible Data Hiding Using Two Marked Images Based on Adaptive Coefficient-Shifting Algorithm

“…Since the PSNR value of Yang and Tsai [14] is better than those of Zeng et al [12] and Yang and Hu [15] when the payload approaches 1 bpp, the performance comparison does not include both methods. Figure 8 illustrates the comparison between various methods in two test images, Lena and Boat.…”

“…To obtain a reversible watermarking technique, Zeng et al [12] used adjacent pixel difference and multilayer embedding techniques on a scan path. Specifically, they employed nine predetermined scan paths to dig out space for hiding bits.…”

“…Since host media such as medical and military images, geographic systems, and satellite resources can be valuable or even priceless, it is undesirable that the host media be at all damaged after data extraction. Recently, several researchers [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] have presented lossless data hiding in an effort to address this issue.…”

Visible watermarking with reversibility of multimedia images for ownership declarations

“…In those afore-mentioned developed reversible data hiding methods, four main technologies have been widely applied: compression-based technology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], difference expansion-based technology [8][9][10][11][12], histogram-based technology [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and visible watermarking technology [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. For the compression-based technology, in 2002, Fridrich et al [1,2] compressed the least significant bit (LSB) plane to obtain additional space for embedding secret data.…”

Contemporary Approaches on Reversible Data Hiding Methods: A Comparative Study

“…One of the other study about this topic has been presented by Kuo et al (2008) using the block segmentation technic and a bit to save the change of the chosen lowest point to change the save data method using in Ni et al (2006) scheme's due to improve the data hiding capacity [6,7]. Zeng et al (2009) also presents a RDH scheme based on the difference histogram due to empty field for data hiding [8]. There are nine basic scan path s outlined, and this means all directional neighbouring pixel differences able to be obtained.…”