Loss of Muscarinic and Purinergic Receptors in Urinary Bladder of Rats With Hydrochloric Acid-induced Cystitis

Yoshida, Akira; Kageyama, Aiko; Fujino, Tomomi; Nozawa, Yoshihisa; Yamada, Shizuo

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2010.05.012

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Robust eupnoeic phrenic activity was often difficult to re-establish, once lost. Furthermore it was difficult to traverse the ureto-bladder junction with the cannula preventing intravesical pressure recording so this approach was abandoned in favor of the more conventional pressure monitoring/infusion needle inserted into the bladder dome (Streng et al, 2004; Yoshida et al, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploration of the Control of Micturition Using a Novel in Situ Arterially Perfused Rat Preparation

Sadananda¹,

Drake²,

Paton³

et al. 2011

Front. Neurosci.

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Our goal was to develop and refine a decerebrate arterially perfused rat (DAPR) preparation that allows the complete bladder filling and voiding cycle to be investigated without some of the restrictions inherent with in vivo experimentation [e.g., ease and speed of set up (30 min), control over the extracellular milieu and free of anesthetic agents]. Both spontaneous (naturalistic bladder filling from ureters) and evoked (in response to intravesical infusion) voids were routinely and reproducibly observed which had similar pressure characteristics. The DAPR allows the simultaneous measurement of bladder intra-luminal pressure, external urinary sphincter–electromyogram (EUS–EMG), pelvic afferent nerve activity, pudendal motor activity, and permits excellent visualization of the entire lower urinary tract, during typical rat filling and voiding responses. The voiding responses were modulated or eliminated by interventions at a number of levels including at the afferent terminal fields (intravesical capsaicin sensitization–desensitization), autonomic (ganglion blockade with hexamethonium), and somatic motor (vecuronium block of the EUS) outflow and required intact brainstem/hindbrain-spinal coordination (as demonstrated by sequential hindbrain transections). Both innocuous (e.g., perineal stimulation) and nociceptive (tail/paw pinch) somatic stimuli elicited an increase in EUS–EMG indicating intact sensory feedback loops. Spontaneous non-micturition contractions were observed between fluid infusions at a frequency and amplitude of 1.4 ± 0.9 per minute and 1.4 ± 0.3 mmHg, respectively and their amplitude increased when autonomic control was compromised. In conclusion, the DAPR is a tractable and useful model for the study of neural bladder control showing intact afferent signaling, spinal and hindbrain co-ordination and efferent control over the lower urinary tract end organs and can be extended to study bladder pathologies and trial novel treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploration of the Control of Micturition Using a Novel in Situ Arterially Perfused Rat Preparation

Sadananda¹,

Drake²,

Paton³

et al. 2011

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Release of ATP from urothelial cells with hypoosmotic mechanical stimulation was increased by over 600 % in inflamed bladder from cyclophosphamide-treated animals; BTX inhibited this release [626]. In rats with hydrochloric acidinduced cystitis, there was a loss of both muscarinic and purinergic receptors, although the in vivo release of ATP from mucosal cells was significantly enhanced, perhaps acting on P2X3 receptors on afferent fibres to contribute to urinary frequency and non-voiding contractions [738,740], as well as in cyclophosphamide-and protamine sulphate-induced cystitis [732]. A hyperosmolar model of OAB has been claimed to be less invasive and more physiological compared to the cyclophosphamide model [349].…”

Section: Detrusor Overactivitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Purinergic signalling in the urinary tract in health and disease

Burnstock

2013

Purinergic Signalling

140

149

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Purinergic signalling is involved in a number of physiological and pathophysiological activities in the lower urinary tract. In the bladder of laboratory animals there is parasympathetic excitatory cotransmission with the purinergic and cholinergic components being approximately equal, acting via P2X1 and muscarinic receptors, respectively. Purinergic mechanosensory transduction occurs where ATP, released from urothelial cells during distension of bladder and ureter, acts on P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors on suburothelial sensory nerves to initiate the voiding reflex, via low threshold fibres, and nociception, via high threshold fibres. In human bladder t h e p u r i n e rg i c c o m p o n e n t o f p a r a s y m p a t h e t i c cotransmission is less than 3 %, but in pathological conditions, such as interstitial cystitis, obstructed and neuropathic bladder, the purinergic component is increased to 40 %. Other pathological conditions of the bladder have been shown to involve purinoceptor-mediated activities, including multiple sclerosis, ischaemia, diabetes, cancer and bacterial infections. In the ureter, P2X7 receptors have been implicated in inflammation and fibrosis. Purinergic therapeutic strategies are being explored that hopefully will be developed and bring benefit and relief to many patients with urinary tract disorders.

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“…P2X receptors (mainly P2X 1 ), expressed in mammalian bladders, are ATP-gated ion channels that contribute to urinary bladder functions (24,28). Several studies suggested that PPADS strongly suppresses P2X-purinoceptor-mediated contractions (25,31,32). α,β-meATP, an ATP analog, is a selective P2X receptor agonist and resistant to ATPase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of hypercholesterolemia on the contractions of detrusor strips in response to neural stimulation in rats

Karaismailoğlu¹,

Balkanci²,

Pehlivanoğlu³

et al. 2013

Turk J Med Sci

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Currently the most widely used machine for precision seeding of cotton and maize seed is vacuum type. Th e capture of seeds by vacuum plate and the release of seeds from the vacuum plate should be performed precisely without missing or doubling. Th e physical phenomena should be clarifi ed theoretically to understand how the precision seeding mechanism works. To solve these problems, an attempt was made to develop a nomogram using equations describing the technical characteristics of the seeder used in this study and to describe the seed capture mechanism relying on basic principles of fl uid mechanics and aerodynamic properties of seeds. Seed spacing accuracy tests were performed to test the theory on a sticky belt in the laboratory. Quality of feed index, miss and multiple indices, and precision have been taken as a set of criteria for seed spacing accuracy. Th e regression models developed using the data obtained via sticky band tests showed that 16 seeds s -1 was the upper limit of seed release frequency (SRF) for cotton and maize seeds. Th e upper limit of vacuum plate peripheral speed was found to be 0.34 m s -1 . Th e use of 72 holes instead of 26 holes in the vacuum plate at 6.3 kPa created a vacuum band in the width of 10 mm around holes and this increased the multiple index and caused a reduction in seeding performance. For this reason, the use of vacuum plates with 60 or 52 holes is recommended for cotton seed. Th e forward speed of either 1.0 or 1.5 m s -1 was found to be acceptable for the seed spacing of 0.05 and 0.10 m, respectively. Aerodynamic calculations verifi ed that widely used vacuum plates with 26 holes were the appropriate ones for seeding maize seeds. Th e performance indices, namely the quality of feed, and miss and multiple indices, reduced signifi cantly for cotton and maize seeding when the precision metering unit was run at 20% (11°) slope to the right as compared to the no slope condition.

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Loss of Muscarinic and Purinergic Receptors in Urinary Bladder of Rats With Hydrochloric Acid-induced Cystitis

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

An Exploration of the Control of Micturition Using a Novel in Situ Arterially Perfused Rat Preparation

An Exploration of the Control of Micturition Using a Novel in Situ Arterially Perfused Rat Preparation

Purinergic signalling in the urinary tract in health and disease

The effect of hypercholesterolemia on the contractions of detrusor strips in response to neural stimulation in rats

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