Loss of language in early development of autism and specific language impairment

Pickles, Andrew; Simonoff, Emily; Conti‐Ramsden, Gina; Falcaro, Milena; Simkin, Zoë; Charman, Tony; Chandler, Susie; Loucas, Tom; Baird, Gillian

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02032.x

Cited by 124 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…After early delays, some children show accelerated language development in the third or fourth year, no longer meeting criteria for language impairment (Szatmari et al, 2000). Another group of children shows a pattern of regression: At 12 to 15 months they begin to use words to communicate with others, but then later in the second year they stop speaking (Pickles et al, 2009). This loss of language (and social) skills marks the onset of ASD (Ozonoff et al, 2010).…”

Section: Language In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated With Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clues to Underlying Mechanisms

Tager–Flusberg

2016

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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a Purpose: Identifying risk factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders is an important line of research, as it will lead to earlier identification of children who could benefit from interventions that support optimal developmental outcomes. The primary goal of this review was to summarize research on risk factors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: The review focused on studies of infants who have older siblings with ASD, with particular emphasis on risk factors associated with language impairment that affects the majority of children with ASD. Findings from this body of work were compared to the literature on specific language impairment.Results: A wide range of risk factors has been found for ASD, including demographic (e.g., male, family history), behavioral (e.g., gesture, motor) and neural risk markers (e.g., atypical lateralization for speech and reduced functional connectivity). Environmental factors, such as caregiver interaction, have not been found to predict language outcomes. Many of the risk markers for ASD are also found in studies of risk for specific language impairment, including demographic, behavioral, and neural factors. Conclusions: There are significant gaps in the literature and limitations in the current research that preclude direct cross-syndrome comparisons. Future research directions are outlined that could address these limitations.

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Section: Language In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated With Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clues to Underlying Mechanisms

Tager–Flusberg

2016

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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“…Note that language regression, more specifically the loss of words, and not the loss of other skills, tends to be characteristic among children with ASD, in contrast with other conditions, such as the Landau-Kleffner syndrome (Lord et al, 2004;Pickles et al, 2009;Shinnar et al, 2001;Valente & Valério, 2004;Wilson, Djukic, Shinnar, Dharmani, & Rapin, 2003), and this is the focus of this study. Considering a lack of consensus regarding the conceptual definition of language regression, it has been operationally defined, based on the measures used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Regressão de linguagem no transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão sistemática

Backes

Zanon²,

Bosa

2017

Psicologia - Teoria E Prática

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A significant portion of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is affected by the loss of language skills. This study's objective was to systematically review papers addressing this phenomenon characterizing the loss of skills in ASD. Bibliographic references were systematically searched in five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Lilacs and Scielo. Two independent judges selected and extracted data. The search resulted in 30 studies. Language regression tended to occur around 24 months of age and was generally accompanied by the loss of other skills. Beginning in 2000, studies in the field became more frequent, with a refined operational definition of the phenomenon. Important gaps were identified and can motivate the development of future studies, such as a lack of prospective studies and the need to discuss the conceptual definition of developmental regression.Key words: autistic disorder; child development: regression; language; review. REGRESSÃO DE LINGUAGEM NO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICAResumo: Uma parcela importante de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é acometida pela perda de habilidades de linguagem. Esse estudo objetivou revisar sistematicamente as publicações sobre tal fenômeno, caracterizando a perda de habilidades no TEA. Foi realizada uma busca sistemática de referências bibliográficas em cinco bases de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Lilacs e Scielo. A seleção e a extração dos dados foram realizadas por dois juízes independentes. A busca resultou em 30 estudos, uma vez que o início da regressão de linguagem tendeu a ocorrer em torno dos 24 meses de vida da criança, geralmente acompanhada por perda de outras habilidades. Os estudos nesta área tornaram-se mais frequentes a partir dos anos 2000, sendo a definição operacional do fenômeno refinada. Foram identificadas lacunas importantes para o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas, como a carência de estudos prospectivos e a necessidade de discussões acerca da definição conceitual da regressão desenvolvimental. 242-268. São Paulo, SP, mai.-ago. 2017. ISSN 1516-3687 (impresso), ISSN 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1980-6906/psicologia.v19n2p237-263. Sistema de avaliação: às cegas por pares (double blind review). Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Resumen: Un número significativo de niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es acometido por la pérdida de habilidades de lenguaje. Este estudio objetivó revisar sistemáticamente la literatura sobre tal fenómeno, detallando la pérdida de habilidades no TEA. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de referencias en cinco bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Lilas y Scielo. La selección y extracción de datos fueron realizadas por dos jueces independientes. La búsqueda resultó en 30 estudios, siendo que el inicio de la regresión de lenguaje ha ocurrido alrededor de los 24 meses de vida del niño, generalmente acompañada por la pérdida de otras habilidades. Los estudios en esta área se volvieron más frecuentes a partir ...

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“…There is then a later recovery and advance of these skills to a variable level. Regression is almost unique to autism but is not a universal feature of the disorder [8]. It occurs in 20-40% of cases, with skills typically disappearing between 15 and 24 months of age, and its cause is unknown [9,10].…”

Section: Developmental Regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the Severity of Developmental Disorders: A Neurocomputational Account of Developmental Regression in Autism

Thomas¹,

Knowland²,

Karmiloff‐Smith³

2011

Connectionist Models of Neurocognition and Emergent Behavior

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Developmental disorders show wide variations in severity even when, on genetic grounds, it is known that there is a common underlying cause. We use connectionist models of development combined with population modelling techniques to explore possible mechanistic causes of variations in disorder severity. Specifically, we investigate the plausibility of the hypothesis that disorder variability stems from the interaction of the common cause of the disorder with variations in neurocomputational parameters also present in the typically developing population. We base our simulations on a model of developmental regression in autism, which proposes that this phenomenon arises from over-aggressive synaptic pruning [1]. We simulated a population of 1000 networks in which 641 exhibited the behavioural marker of regression in their developmental trajectories in learning a notional cognitive domain. Aside from the known single cause of the disorder (an atypical connectivity pruning parameter), we then analysed which neurocomputational parameters contributed to variation in a number of characteristics of developmental regression. These included the timing of regression onset, its severity, its behavioural specificity, and the speed and extent of subsequent recovery. Results are related to existing causal frameworks that explain the origins of developmental deficits.

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Loss of language in early development of autism and specific language impairment

Abstract: Language loss is highly specific to ASD. The underlying developmental abnormality may be more prevalent than raw data might suggest, its possible presence being hidden for children whose language development is delayed.

Cited by 124 publications

References 40 publications

Risk Factors Associated With Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clues to Underlying Mechanisms

Risk Factors Associated With Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clues to Underlying Mechanisms

Regressão de linguagem no transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão sistemática

Variability in the Severity of Developmental Disorders: A Neurocomputational Account of Developmental Regression in Autism

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