Loss of diurnal behavioral rhythms and impaired lipid metabolism in growing pigs with mistimed feeding

Abstract

The misalignment of eating time and the endogenous circadian rhythm impairs the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. Although it is well established that children and growing animals differ from adults in their energy metabolism and behavioral patterns, little is known about how mistimed feeding disturbs the diurnal rhythms of behavior and metabolism in children and growing diurnal animals. In this study, growing pigs (diurnal animal) were randomly assigned to the daytime-restricted feeding (DRF) and nighttime-restricted feeding (NRF) groups for 5 weeks. Compared with observations in the DRF group, NRF disrupted the diurnal rhythm of behavior and clock genes and lowered the serum ghrelin, dopamine, and serotonin levels during the daytime and nighttime. Microbiome analysis results suggested that NRF altered the diurnal rhythm and composition of the gut microbiota, and increased log-ratios of Catenibacterium:Butyrivibrio and Streptococcus:Butyrivibrio. Based on the serum proteome, the results further revealed that rhythmic and upregulated proteins in NRF were mainly involved in oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, immunity, and cancer biological pathways. Serum physiological indicators further confirmed that NRF decreased the concentration of melatonin and fibroblast growth factor 21 during the daytime and nighttime, increased the diurnal amplitude and concentrations of very-lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and total cholesterol, and increased the apolipoprotein B/ApoA1 ratio, which is a marker of metabolic syndrome.Taken together, this study is the first to reveal that mistimed feeding disrupts

Night‐restricted feeding improves colonic barrier function and reduces inflammation by optimizing gut microbial composition in growing pigs during the hot season

“…All experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Ethical Committee of China Agricultural University (AW31101202‐1‐3). Detailed descriptions of the animal treatment methods used here have been published previously 28 . Briefly, 26 growing pigs (21 weeks old) were randomly assigned to a daytime‐restricted feeding (DRF, n = 13) or nighttime‐restricted feeding (NRF, n = 13) group.…”

“…circadian rhythm, feeding time, gut health, gut microbiota, heat stress, pig treatment methods used here have been published previously. 28 Briefly, 26 growing pigs (21 weeks old) were randomly assigned to a daytime-restricted feeding (DRF, n = 13) or nighttime-restricted feeding (NRF, n = 13) group. The DRF group had access to food for 12 h from ZT0 to ZT12 (ZT: Zeitgeber time; ZT0 denotes light on at 07:00 a.m.; ZT12 denotes lights off at 07:00 p.m. in China Standard Time).…”

Melatonin as a Mediator of the Gut Microbiota–Host Interaction: Implications for Health and Disease

“…In this sense, Wang et al ( 2021) recently explored the effects on microbiota of restricting feeding in piglets (diurnal animals) to day or night. Although a causal relationship between melatonin and microbiota effects cannot be established, the authors found reduced concentrations of melatonin in the night-time-restricted feeding group, as well as an alteration in the diurnal rhythm and composition of the gut microbiota, with increased log ratios of Catenibacterium:Butyrivibrio and Streptococcus:Butyrivibrio [117], demonstrating that nocturnal fasting has a potentially protective effect on diurnal animals.…”

Circadian Regulation of Endocrine Fibroblast Growth Factors on Systemic Energy Metabolism

“…Night-restricted feeding in diurnal growing pigs resulted in a significant reduction in the circadian level of serum FGF21, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), resulting in abnormal lipid metabolism. (Wang et al, 2021).…”