Loss of deep roots limits biogenic agents of soil development that are only partially restored by decades of forest regeneration

Billings, Sharon A.; Hirmas, Daniel R.; Sullivan, Pamela L.; Lehmeier, C.; Bagchi, Samik; Min, Kweon Sik; Brecheisen, Zachary; Hauser, Emma; Stair, Rena; Flournoy, Rebecca; Richter, Daniel deB.

doi:10.1525/elementa.287

Cited by 45 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…While root density decreased sharply from 0 to 2 m of depth across all soil profiles, below 70 cm root densities averaged 2.1-fold greater under old-growth forests than those in ∼ 70-year-old forests regenerating after decades of agricultural cultivation (Billings et al, 2018). Differences in rooting were associated with differences in biogeochemical environments in several ways, including microbial community composition that varied with land use throughout 0 to 5 m soil profiles.…”

Section: Depth Of Biotic Signalsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…While relatively few CZOs have investigated the depth of biotic signals down through the regolith deep into the critical zone, Billings et al (2018) recently documented land use history as having a strong influences on depth of rooting and biogenic agents of soil development and found that these influences were only partly restored by many decades of forest regeneration. While root density decreased sharply from 0 to 2 m of depth across all soil profiles, below 70 cm root densities averaged 2.1-fold greater under old-growth forests than those in ∼ 70-year-old forests regenerating after decades of agricultural cultivation (Billings et al, 2018).…”

Section: Depth Of Biotic Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ideas and perspectives: Strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Long-term environmental research networks are one approach to advancing local, regional, and global environmental science and education. A remarkable number and wide variety of environmental research networks operate around the world today. These are diverse in funding, infrastructure, motivating questions, scientific strengths, and the sciences that birthed and maintain the networks. Some networks have individual sites that were selected because they had produced invaluable long-term data, while other networks have new sites selected to span ecological gradients. However, all long-term environmental networks share two challenges. Networks must keep pace with scientific advances and interact with both the scientific community and society at large. If networks fall short of successfully addressing these challenges, they risk becoming irrelevant. The objective of this paper is to assert that the biogeosciences offer environmental research networks a number of opportunities to expand scientific impact and public engagement. We explore some of these opportunities with four networks: the International Long-Term Ecological Research Network programs (ILTERs), critical zone observatories (CZOs), Earth and ecological observatory networks (EONs), and the FLUXNET program of eddy flux sites. While these networks were founded and expanded by interdisciplinary scientists, the preponderance of expertise and funding has gravitated activities of ILTERs and EONs toward ecology and biology, CZOs toward the Earth sciences and geology, and FLUXNET toward ecophysiology and micrometeorology. Our point is not to homogenize networks, nor to diminish disciplinary science. Rather, we argue that by more fully incorporating the integration of biology and geology in long-term environmental research networks, scientists can better leverage network assets, keep pace with the ever-changing science of the environment, and engage with larger scientific and public audiences.

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Section: Depth Of Biotic Signalsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Depth Of Biotic Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ideas and perspectives: Strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks

et al. 2018

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“…Other representative genomes from this phylum have also become available with the recent addition of 47 genomes assembled from 245 thawing permafrost (30). The phylum Dormibacteraeota has been observed in subsurface soil horizons previously (31,32), and its relative abundance has been found to be negatively correlated with water content, C, N, and total potential enzyme activities (17). 250…”

Section: Community-level Shotgun Metagenomic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and genomic attributes of novel bacterial taxa that thrive in subsurface soil horizons

Brewer¹,

Aronson

Arogyaswamy

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…For example, inventories of meteoric 10 Be within this weathering profile [2 × 10 12 atoms cm −2 (Bacon et al, 2012)] help demonstrate its very great age, >2 to 3 million years. In more than 10 ha that surround the 65m-deep borehole, many dozens of boreholes have been handaugered 5 to 8.5 m in depth (Brecheisen, 2018;Richter & Markewitz, 1995); biological, chemical, and physical properties have been analyzed for the solid samples from most of these boreholes (Austin, Perry, Richter, & Schroeder, 2018;Bacon et al, 2012;Billings et al, 2018;Callaham, Richter, Coleman, & Hofmockel, 2006;Holbrook et al, 2019;Richter & Billings, 2015;Richter & Markewitz, 1995, 2001Richter et al, 2014;St. Clair et al, 2015).…”

Section: Residual Regolith From V W >> |-V T |mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil production and the soil geomorphology legacy of Grove Karl Gilbert

Richter

Eppes

Austin

et al. 2020

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Geomorphologists are quantifying the rates of an important component of bedrock's weathering in research that needs wide discussion among soil scientists. By using cosmogenic nuclides, geomorphologists estimate landscapes’ physical lowering, which, in a steady landscape, equates to upward transfers of weathered rock into slowly moving hillslope‐soil creep. Since the 1990s, these processes have been called “soil production” or “mobile regolith production”. In this paper, we assert the importance of a fully integrated pedological and geomorphological approach not only to soil creep but to soil, regolith, and landscape evolution; we clarify terms to facilitate soil geomorphology collaboration; and we seek a greater understanding of our sciences’ history. We show how the legacy of Grove Karl Gilbert extend across soil geomorphology. We interpret three contrasting soils and regoliths in the USA's Southern Piedmont in the context of a Gilbert‐inspired model of weathering and transport, a model of regolith evolution and of nonsteady systems that liberate particles and solutes from bedrock and transport them across the landscape. This exercise leads us to conclude that the Southern Piedmont is a region with soils and regoliths derived directly from weathering bedrock below (a regional paradigm for more than a century) but that the Piedmont also has significant areas in which regoliths are at least partly formed from paleo‐colluvia that may be massive in volume and overlie organic‐enriched layers, peat, and paleo‐saprolite. An explicitly integrated study of soil geomorphology can accelerate our understanding of soil, regoliths, and landscape evolution in all physiographic regions.

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Loss of deep roots limits biogenic agents of soil development that are only partially restored by decades of forest regeneration

Abstract: Billings, SA, et al. 2018 Loss of deep roots limits biogenic agents of soil development that are only partially restored by decades of forest regeneration.

Cited by 45 publications

References 86 publications

Ideas and perspectives: Strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks

Ideas and perspectives: Strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks

Ecological and genomic attributes of novel bacterial taxa that thrive in subsurface soil horizons

Soil production and the soil geomorphology legacy of Grove Karl Gilbert

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