Los barrios y viviendas de los gitanos en la región noroeste de España

Abstract

The article analyzes the solutions used to resolve the housing problem of Roma people since the mid-twentieth century in cities of northwestern Spain. Its interest lies in a common trajectory and in various situations and responses, which have not been successful. We use a geographical methodology based on the diachronic approach, the dialectical method between the quantitative and qualitative, the comparative, and the consideration of habitat as an expressive element of spatial relations in the landscape. Among its main results, this paper interprets a cross-sectional reading of urbanism and architecture in the so-called nogo zones incorporating the necessary nuances to avoid simplistic generalizations. These explain different rhythms and experiences in the same development towards typical housing, emphasizing the substantive weight of territorial variables, the regional context, and local factors beyond political decisions.

La producción de la injusticia socioespacial hacia el pueblo Gitano durante el franquismo: Los barrios de Lo Campano y los Mateos en Cartagena (España)

“…During the Franco dictatorship, the social housing policies, developed since 1939 by the National Housing Institute under the autarchy framework, set the elimination of slums as an objective through policies for rehousing and the construction of neighborhoods and housing estates, although it was always incomplete (Tomé Fernández, 2021). The approval of the Law on the Land and Urban Planning System in 1956, laid the foundations for the urban development of Spanish cities through figures such as the General Urban Planning Plan, which brought a substantial change in the economic system of Franco's regime towards an open-ended and financialized model, turning urban development and real estate speculation into the basis of the Spanish economy (Betrán Abadía, 2013;Fernández Carbajal, 2003).…”

“…Romani communities were excluded from these processes and consigned to rehousing policies in the urban periphery without a right to own the homes (Álvarez de Andrés, 2020). In fact, this strategy of eliminating selfproduced settlements generated exclusion and segregation, as it followed the dynamics of real estate speculation of cleared spaces, spatializing antigypsyism through housing policies (Río Ruiz, 2014;Saavedra, 2021;Tomé Fernández, 2021).…”

“…Research on Romani neighborhoods in Spain focuses on their different historical origins: urban planning, eviction and rehousing actions, construction of social housing, or self-production of housing and space by the communities themselves (Botana Iglesias, 2022;Río Ruiz, 2014;Río Ruiz, 2020;Saavedra, 2021;Tomé Fernández, 2021). These studies point to the constant presence of antigypsyism in public policies and institutional action as a source of the urban segregation that communities currently suffer.…”