Loricrin - an overview

Nithya, S; Radhika, T; Jeddy, Nadeem

doi:10.4103/0973-029x.157204

Cited by 62 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The skin surface consists of a highly organized basketweave structure of keratinocytic proteins and lipids, which are produced by keratinocytes (epidermal lipids) and sebaceous glands (sebaceous lipids) 160 . Ceramides are unique to epidermal origin, whereas squalene and wax esters are unique to sebaceous origin, with variable composition under endocrine control 14 .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin microbiota–host interactions

Chen

Fischbach

Belkaid

2018

Nature

491

392

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The skin is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that is inhabited by bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. These microbes—collectively referred to as the skin microbiota—are fundamental to skin physiology and immunity. Interactions between skin microbes and the host can fall anywhere along the continuum between mutualism and pathogenicity. In this Review, we highlight how host–microbe interactions depend heavily on context, including the state of immune activation, host genetic predisposition, barrier status, microbe localization, and microbe–microbe interactions. We focus on how context shapes the complex dialogue between skin microbes and the host, and the consequences of this dialogue for health and disease.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some lipids, such as sphingosine and free fatty acids, demonstrate antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses 66 and may have immunomodulatory effects 144 . Of keratinocytic proteins, more than 70% of the dry protein weight consists of loricrin, a glycine-rich protein that is thought to have important barrier properties 160 .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Skin microbiota–host interactions

Chen

Fischbach

Belkaid

2018

Nature

491

392

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“…We observe a weakly stained, mostly-continuous basement membrane in skin models constructed using WM35 cell lines at day 9, as shown in Fig S4. Loricrin is known to be absent on nonstratified epithelium (Nithya, Radhika & Jeddy, 2015). Hence, the negative result at day 0 is probably due to the absence of the stratum corneum on day 0, which is consistent with an immature epidermis.…”

Section: The Hse and Mse Physiology Resembles Native Human Skin In Vivosupporting

confidence: 57%

In Vitro Characterisation of Melanoma Progression in a Melanoma Skin Equivalent Model

Haridas¹

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Melanoma is a fatal form of skin cancer which progresses in an orchestrated pattern in human skin. In this thesis, we focus on three phases of melanoma progression: radial growth phase (RGP) where melanoma cells are generally confined to the epidermis of the skin; vertical growth phase (VGP) where melanoma cells invade into the dermis of the skin; and the metastatic phase where melanoma cells enter the blood stream and spread to other parts of the body. Characterising these phases of melanoma in vitro is important to investigate disease progression. The principal aim of this thesis is to quantify key features of melanoma progression, these include: melanoma cell migration; melanoma cell proliferation; melanoma cell invasion; and melanoma nest formation using two-dimensional (2D) and threedimensional (3D) assays. We first investigate a reliable melanoma-specific marker and provide evidence that S100 is a sensitive marker that identifies melanoma cell lines: WM35 (RGP); WM793 (VGP); and SK-MEL-28 (metastatic) used in this project. Also included in this thesis is a demonstration of the difficulty of identifying a certain melanoma cell line, MM127. The most commonly used melanoma-associated markers failed to identify this cell line. We further investigate the rates of melanoma cell migration and cell proliferation using 2D co-culture assays. Since fibroblasts are thought to play an important role in cancer progression, the result from the cross-talk between melanoma cells and primary fibroblast cells could provide insightful information about their influence on the rates of spatial expansion. However, results from this study provide evidence that a more multicellular, heterogeneous, 3D environment might be necessary to examine the cross-talk between skin cells and melanoma cells. Since, cell-cell interactions are known to differ in an environment with more than two cell types, we characterise melanoma progression by constructing a 3D melanoma skin equivalent (MSE) model which resembles human skin in vivo and present our quantitative results of melanoma invasion in a time course pattern. Lastly, we use the 3D MSE model to identify and report our findings that proliferation and increased initial cell number drives melanoma nest formation. The outcomes of this project provide a foundation for 3D melanoma research and future in vitro assays are essential to fully understand the potential of this 3D model for clinical purposes.iii

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“…Loricrin was only expressed in the tip of the migrating epithelium of body wounds. Loricrin has been linked to full keratinocyte differentiation; the lack of loricrin expression in limb wounds might indicate that the migrating keratinocytes are not fully differentiated . Several studies have described that body wounds in horses heal faster than limb wounds, but the possible involvement of CK10 and loricrin in equine healing must be investigated further to link expression to clinical wound healing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loricrin is found in the granulosum layer of the epidermis and is the major structural protein in the cornified cell envelope. Loricrin constitutes about 85% of fully differentiated keratinocytes and possesses protective properties . Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α) has been shown to promote human epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and contribute to rapid re‐epithelialization; a transient delay in wound re‐epithelialization has been demonstrated in PPAR‐α‐deficient mice …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and keratinocyte differentiation in equine experimental body and limb wounds healing by second intention

Jørgensen

Pirone

Jacobsen

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -The re-epithelialization process in equine wound healing is incompletely described. For epithelial cells to migrate during embryogenesis they undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); this phenotypic transition occurs during wound healing in humans and rodents, but it has not been investigated in horses.Hypothesis/objectives -To investigate keratinocyte differentiation and EMT in equine experimental excisional limb and body wounds healing by second intention. Animals -Six adult research horses.Methods and materials -Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect expression of the differentiation markers cytokeratin (CK)10, CK14, loricrin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-a), and of the EMT markers E-cadherin and N-cadherin in normal limb and body skin, and biopsies from limb and body wounds.Results -Loricrin and CK10 were expressed in normal skin and periwound skin but not in migrating epithelium of body and limb wounds. However, they reappeared at the migrating epithelial tip of body wounds only. CK14 and PPAR-a had uniform distribution throughout the migrating epithelium. N-cadherin was not expressed in normal unwounded skin but was detected in periwound skin adjacent to the wound margin. E-cadherin expression decreased at the wound margin.Conclusions and clinical importance -Presence of N-cadherin suggests that cadherin switching occurred during wound healing, this may be an indication that EMT occurs in horses. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this has never been described in horses before and warrants further investigation to assess the clinical implications. The tip of the migrating epithelium in body wounds appeared more differentiated than limb wounds, which could be part of the explanation for the superior healing of body wounds.

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Loricrin - an overview

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Skin microbiota–host interactions

Skin microbiota–host interactions

In Vitro Characterisation of Melanoma Progression in a Melanoma Skin Equivalent Model

Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and keratinocyte differentiation in equine experimental body and limb wounds healing by second intention

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