Loricate Choanoflagellates from the South Atlantic coastal zone (~32 °S) including the description of Diplotheca tricyclica sp. nov.

Abstract

The biodiversity of marine heterotrophic protists is poorly known in the South Atlantic coastal zone (~32 °S) especially regarding the nanoflagellates. The presence of loricate choanoflagellates was reported for the first time in the Patos Lagoon estuary and the adjacent coastal zone. Seventeen species of eleven genera of loricate choanoflagellates were observed between October 1998 and May 2000 in fixed water samples (lugol's solution + glutaraldehyde) in a JEM 100-SX transmission electron microscope. Most species were recorded in euhaline and mixopolyhaline waters during the spring and summer, none in autumn and a few (four) in winter. The absence of choanoflagellates at the more sheltered inshore stations is due freshwater influence, and at the beach station, probably due the strong wave action. The probably cosmopolitan species Pleurasiga minima, Cosmoeca norvegica, C. ventricosa and Parvicorbicula circularis were present in spring or summer in the estuary channel and coastal area while Stephanoeca diplocostata which apparently prefers lower temperature, was recorded in winter. Calotheca alata and Campyloacantha spinifera are mainly temperate species and were present in spring. The new species Diplotheca tricyclica was recorded at the estuary channel in the summer 1999, in high salinity water.

Acanthoecid choanoflagellates from the Atlantic Arctic Region − a baseline study

“…The NOW, NEW and Disko Bay samples cluster together (>80% similarity) and share a well-defined array of taxa (see inserted square). Data sources (1–31 from left to right): (1) Thomsen, 1978 ; (2) Bergesch et al, 2008 ; (3) Hara et al, 1997 ; (4) Hoepffner and Haas, 1990 ; (5) Thomsen and Boonruang, 1983a , b and subsequent papers; (7) Vørs et al, 1995 ; (8) Leadbeater, 1973 ; (9) Leadbeater, 1974 ; (10) Tong, 1997b ; (11) Moestrup, 1979 ; (12) Tong et al, 1998 ; (15) Thomsen et al, 1991b ; (16) Menezes, 2005 ; (18) Thomsen, 1992 ; (19) Tong 1997a ; (20) Espeland and Throndsen 1986 ; (21) Booth 1990 ; (22) Bérard-Therriault et al, 1999 ; (23) Daugbjerg and Vørs, 1994 ; (24–26) this paper and Thomsen, 1982 ; Thomsen et al, 1995 ; (27) Thomsen et al, 1990 , 1997; (28) Marchant and Perrin, 1990 ; (29) McKenzie et al, 1997 ; (30) Thomsen, 1979 ; (31) Thomsen et al, 1997 ; (6, 13, 14, 17) Thomsen unpublished. …”

Loricate choanoflagellates (Acanthoecida) from warm water seas. III. Acanthocorbis Hara and Takahashi and Stephanoeca Ellis

“…Stephanoeca apheles is recorded from Denmark and California (Thomsen et al, 1991), Taiwan and Japan (Hara et al, 1997), Finland (Ikävalko and Thomsen, 1997;Vørs, 1992), Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada (Bérard-Therriault et al, 1999), West Greenland (Thomsen and Østergaard, 2017b), Patos Lagoon, southern Brazil (Bergesch et al, 2008), western Baltic Sea, Germany (Auer and Arndt, 2001), Rhode Island, USA (Menezes, 2005), and West Australia ( Table 1). The distributional fingerprint of this taxon is that of a cosmopolitan species that has so far not been encountered in any high latitude cold water sample.…”

Loricate choanoflagellates (Acanthoecida) from warm water seas. IV. Cosmoeca Thomsen

“…comm. ) and the South Atlantic coastal zone, Brazil (Bergesch et al 2008). The common denominator appears here to be that these three taxa have a distributional preference for warm water habitats, however, with a capacity to also occasionally thrive in temperate waters from both hemispheres.…”