“…More recent development of numerical techniques for large deformation analysis in geotechnics provides the possibility of simulating both the failure and post-failure stages. Representative numerical approaches of this capability include, but are not limited to, the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) technique [8], the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method [12,30], the Material Point Method (MPM) [32], the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) [27,46,48], and the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) [9,23,28,38,44,45]. Recently, the CEL method has been adopted to investigate the large deformation behavior of clayey slopes under seismic loading with the weakening of clays being concerned [12].…”