Lookback study of HTLV‐1 and 2 seropositive donors and their recipients in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Namen-Lopes, Maria Sueli; Martins, Marina Lobato; Drummond, Peter Charles Patterson; Lobato, René; Carneiro-Proietti, Anna Bárbara F.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00932.x

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Plasma products and cold storage of blood lower the risk of transmission, presumably due to the death of HTLV-1-infected lymphocytes (22). The results from hemovigilance and look-back studies presented additional evidence correlating the transmission of HTLV with cellular blood components (70).…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Continental France started screening in 1991 (17). In Brazil and Australia, blood screening for HTLV-1 was initiated in 1993 (70,88). In Demark, screening was started in 1994; Portugal and Greece followed soon afterwards (17).…”

Section: Screening Tests and Residual Risk Of Transfusion-transmittedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeterminate results of the confirmatory test may occur. The most commonly reported reasons for indeterminate results are the window period, the presence of a viral variant, and an unspecific reaction of the patient's serum to viral antigens (70). PCR, which detects HTLV-1 proviral DNA, has been used for clarifying indeterminate results and also as a confirmatory test.…”

Section: Screening Tests and Residual Risk Of Transfusion-transmittedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in Japan, where HTLV-2 is not usually found, PA assays are preferred. In Brazil, where both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are prevalent, an EIA is used (70). The confirmation is done by testing of the blood with another method that also discriminates between HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.…”

Section: Screening Tests and Residual Risk Of Transfusion-transmittedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1993, HTLV-1 screening of blood donors was already performed in all developed countries and in many developing countries where HTLV-1 is endemic. Moreover, hemovigilance studies were performed, where patients who received blood from HTLV-positive donors, transfused before screening was performed or from repeat donors who presented seroconversion to HTLV, were traced and tested for the virus (70).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Associated Diseases

Gonçalves

Proietti

Ribas³

et al. 2010

Clin Microbiol Rev

395

311

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SUMMARYHuman T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the first human retrovirus to be discovered, is present in diverse regions of the world, where its infection is usually neglected in health care settings and by public health authorities. Since it is usually asymptomatic in the beginning of the infection and disease typically manifests later in life, silent transmission occurs, which is associated with sexual relations, breastfeeding, and blood transfusions. There are no prospects of vaccines, and screening of blood banks and in prenatal care settings is not universal. Therefore, its transmission is active in many areas such as parts of Africa, South and Central America, the Caribbean region, Asia, and Melanesia. It causes serious diseases in humans, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and an incapacitating neurological disease (HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis [HAM/TSP]) besides other afflictions such as uveitis, rheumatic syndromes, and predisposition to helminthic and bacterial infections, among others. These diseases are not curable as yet, and current treatments as well as new perspectives are discussed in the present review.

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Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Screening Tests and Residual Risk Of Transfusion-transmittedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Screening Tests and Residual Risk Of Transfusion-transmittedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Screening Tests and Residual Risk Of Transfusion-transmittedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Associated Diseases

Gonçalves

Proietti

Ribas³

et al. 2010

Clin Microbiol Rev

395

311

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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HTLV-1 viral RNA is detected rarely in plasma of HTLV-1 infected subjects

et al. 2015

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Plasma of patients infected with HTLV-1 is considered non-infectious but detection of HTLV-1 genomic RNA in plasma has been recently reported. The aim of this project was to detect and quantify HTLV-1 RNA in plasma and assess its potential value in diagnosis and prognosis. RNA from 1 ml of plasma from 65 subjects infected with HTLV-1 (27 asymptomatic carriers [AC]), 17 patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP), 14 with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), two co-infected with HIV, and five with other HTLV-1-associated disease, was extracted and reverse transcribed. HTLV-1 specific nested PCR was performed using primers to amplify the conserved Tax region. All samples were run in quadruplicate, nested PCR products were detected by gel electrophoresis. HTLV-1 RNA was detected in plasma from 18 (28%) patients, always at a very low copy number (3-13 copies viral cDNA per milliliter of plasma). Mean values of HTLV-1 proviral load did not differ between patients in whom HTLV-1 RNA was detected and patients in whom it was not possible to detect HTLV-1 RNA in plasma. HTLV-1 genomic RNA can be detected in the plasma of a minority of patients but not at a level or frequency to be useful clinically or diagnostically. Lack of transmission of HTLV-1 by plasma is due to the rare presence of HTLV-1 virions, regardless of any other factor.

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HTLV‐1 and ‐2 in a first‐time blood donor population in Northeastern Brazil: Prevalence, molecular characterization, and evidence of intrafamilial transmission

Ribeiro

Kozlowski

Matos

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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Independent epidemiology for respective human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2 is little known in blood donors in Brazil, where screening for HTLV-1/2 is mandatory at blood banks, but no testing to confirm/differentiate these viruses. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence of HTLV-1 and -2 in a first-time blood donor population in Northeastern Brazil and to carry out molecular characterization of respective isolates. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the State Blood Bank in Piauí. Samples were screened for anti-HTLV-1/2 by enzyme immunoassay, and reactive samples were confirmed using a line immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 37 306 blood donors, 47 were anti-HTLV-1/2 reactive by enzyme immunoassay. After confirmed by line immunoassay, 22 were positive for HTLV-1 (0.59 per 1000; 95% CI: 0.38-0.87), 14 were positive for HTLV-2 (0.37 per 1000; 95% CI: 0.21-0.61), 1 was indeterminate, and the remaining donors were negative. The HTLV-1 infection was also confirmed by PCR in all anti-HTLV-1-positive samples, and sequencing classified these isolates as belonging to the Transcontinental (A) subgroup of the Cosmopolitan (1a) subtype. Of 14 anti-HTLV-2-positive samples, 11 were also PCR positive, which belonged to subtype a (HTLV-2a/c). In addition, 38 family members of 5 HTLV-1- and 3 HTLV-2-infected donors were analyzed. Familial transmission of HTLV-1 and -2 was evidenced in 3 families. In conclusion, in Northeastern Brazil, where HTLV-1 and -2 are endemic, counseling blood donor candidates and their families might play a key role in limiting the spread of these viruses.

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Lookback study of HTLV‐1 and 2 seropositive donors and their recipients in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Associated Diseases

Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Associated Diseases

HTLV-1 viral RNA is detected rarely in plasma of HTLV-1 infected subjects

HTLV‐1 and ‐2 in a first‐time blood donor population in Northeastern Brazil: Prevalence, molecular characterization, and evidence of intrafamilial transmission

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