Longterm timolol therapy

Lin, Luke-Long; Galin, Miles A.; Obstbaum, Stephen A.; Katz, Irving M.

doi:10.1016/0039-6257(79)90231-5

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Zimmerman and Kaufman (1977) reported the first 24-hour dose response to topical timolol 0.25% and 0.5% was similar. Maximum pressure reduction was reported to be nearly 40% in glaucoma patients treated with 0.5% topical timolol in short-and long-term dose-response studies (Zimmerman and Kaufmann, 1977;Lin et al, 1979). The pressurelowering effect is best in daytime and poor at night, when aqueous humour production is reduced to less than half.…”

Section: Topical Timololmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effectiveness of timolol has earned it status as the 'gold standard' used as the comparator for other new drugs that have flourished the glaucoma pharmaceutical market. Topical timolol is effective in nearly all types of glaucoma including refractory glaucomas such as neovascular, aphakic, and uveitic glaucoma (Weber, 1981, Lin et al, 1979. Perhaps, due to its suppressive effect on aqueous humour production, it is also effective in angleclosure glaucoma (Lass and Pavan-Langston, 1979;Chew et al, 2004).…”

Section: Topical Timololmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressure Lowering Medications

Tajudin¹,

Yaakub²

2011

Glaucoma - Current Clinical and Research Aspects

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Section: Topical Timololmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Topical Timololmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Lowering Medications

Tajudin¹,

Yaakub²

2011

Glaucoma - Current Clinical and Research Aspects

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“…Timolol maleate is available in 0.25 and 0.5% concentrations, both of which produce a significant and persistent lowering ofIOP when used topically in the eye (Ashburn et al 1979;LeBlanc & Krip 1981;Lin et al 1979;Mishima 1982;Neufeld 1979). Though there is often some loss in effect after the initial dramatic fall in lOP, a persistent effect is still present after years of use.…”

Section: Effect On Lopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular ??-Blockers in Glaucoma Management

Brooks

Gillies

1992

Drugs & Aging

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Topical beta-blockers reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) by blockade of sympathetic nerve endings in the ciliary epithelium causing a fall in aqueous humour production. Two types of topical beta-blockers are available for use in glaucoma: nonselective, which block both beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors; and cardioselective, which block only beta 1-receptors. Of the beta-Blockers commercially available, timolol, levobunolol, metipranolol and carteolol are nonselective, and betaxolol is cardioselective. Twice-daily timolol is probably the most effective agent in lowering IOP, although levobunolol is equally effective and can be used once daily with little difference in effect. Carteolol is used twice daily and any theoretical advantage in diminished side effects conferred by its partial beta-agonist activity compared with timolol has not been fully substantiated. Metipranolol is effective twice daily and does not have partial beta-agonist activity. Betaxolol has an effect comparable to timolol in lowering IOP, but is less effective in some patients. beta-Blockers can be used with other antiglaucoma medications, but their combined action with epinephrine (adrenaline) is suspect, particularly in the case of the nonselective beta-blockers, and the effect should be assessed in patients on an individual basis. Local stinging can be a problem in some patients with betaxolol. The most serious side effects of beta-blockers are the exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease with nonselective agents and the precipitation of bronchospasm in some patients. Betaxolol seems relatively free of adverse respiratory effects, although this may be dose-related and extreme caution should still be exercised in patients with any history of respiratory illness. Because of the lower risk of precipitating side effects, betaxolol is probably the beta-blocker of first choice for use in glaucoma; timolol or levobunolol are reserved for patients who do not respond satisfactorily to betaxolol and are quite free of respiratory disease.

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“…Timolol maleate, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of glaucoma (1,2,6,7,8,12,15,17,18,23,24). Numerous clinical studies report its efficacy in reducing IOP and few adverse effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of this fact, in most clinical trials of timolol, corneal sensitivity was not routinely tested (1,2,6,7,8,12,15,17,18,23,24) and it was considered to be free of local anesthetic effect primarily on the basis of experimental animal studies (6). In spite of this fact, in most clinical trials of timolol, corneal sensitivity was not routinely tested (1,2,6,7,8,12,15,17,18,23,24) and it was considered to be free of local anesthetic effect primarily on the basis of experimental animal studies (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of timolol on corneal sensitivity and tear production

Kitazawa

Tsuchisaka

1980

Int Ophthalmol

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A double-masked study was carried out to assess the effect of timolol ophthalmic-solution on corneal sensitivity in seven normal volunteers. No significant change in corneal sensitivity was demonstrated during four weeks of timolol administration. Corneal sensitivity was determined in two age-matched groups, one comprising 27 glaucomatous patients on timolol therapy for at least three months and the other consisting of 24 normal individuals who had never been on any beta-blocking agents. No significant difference in corneal sensitivity was noted between the two groups. The tear production was determined by means of the Schirmer test I in 15 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension prior to and during timolol therapy of 13 months duration. No significant change in tear production was noted.

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Longterm timolol therapy

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Pressure Lowering Medications

Pressure Lowering Medications

Ocular ??-Blockers in Glaucoma Management

Effects of timolol on corneal sensitivity and tear production

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