Longitudinal variation in SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and emergence of viral variants: a serological analysis

Muecksch, Frauke; Wise, Helen; Templeton, Kate; Batchelor, Becky; Squires, Maria; McCance, Kirsty; Jarvis, Lisa; Malloy, Kristen; Furrie, Elizabeth; Richardson, Claire; MacGuire, Jacqueline; Godber, Ian M; Burns, Alana M.; Mavin, Sally; Zhang, Fengwen; Schmidt, Fabian; Bieniasz, Paul D.; Jenks, Sara; Hatziioannou, Théodora

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00090-8

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Consistent with other studies, 6 the Nabs obtained after vaccination or after natural infection tend to decrease over time, a decline that is not always accurately reflected by the serological assays. While DiaSorin S1/S2 IgG values remained stable, the NT 50 titers declined over time for both the WT and Delta variants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Dynamics of serum cross‐neutralization capacity against SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant in convalescent COVID‐19 patients

Nedelcu,

Florian,

Ion

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The magnitude and breadth of the neutralizing antibody response against variants of concern following natural infection would provide valuable insights regarding the immune response induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Herein, 25 patients were followed at 30 ±7 (Visit 1), 90± 15 (Visit 2), and 180 ± 15 (Visit 3) days post symptom onset (PSO). The neutralization titers against both Wuhan‐Hu‐1 (WT) and Delta variant were analyzed in parallel along with anti‐Spike antibodies (anti‐S1/S2 immunoglobulin G [IgG]). The median values of half‐maximal neutralization titer (NT50) for the WT and Delta variants decreased by 75.8% and 82.2% at Visit 2 and by 85.4% and 81.4% at Visit 3, respectively. At Visit 1, the correlation between the anti‐S1/S2 IgG and Nabs titers for the Delta variant was moderate for WT (r = 0.58) and weak for the Delta variant (r = 0.39). However, the correlation coefficient consistently remained above 0.7, with a very strong correlation at Visit 3 for both WT and Delta variants (r = 0.81). The dynamics of anti‐S1/S2 IgG antibodies, NT50, and cross‐neutralization index correlated at different time points PSO. Longitudinal analysis of the cross‐neutralization capacity of immune sera will inform upon the durability of the immune response against SARS CoV‐2 variants.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Dynamics of serum cross‐neutralization capacity against SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant in convalescent COVID‐19 patients

Nedelcu,

Florian,

Ion

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although more work is needed before the two assays can be compared [ 23 ], the findings show that both IgG S-Ab and neutralization titers are associated with increased vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, both the Abbott IgG and Roche total S-Ab assays used in our study have been shown to correlate well with virus neutralization assays (about 3.5–8.5 weeks after the first positive PCR in COVID-19 patients, Abbott r = 0.90 and Roche r = 0.83 with the virus neutralization assay normalized neutralization titers) [ 24 ]. In our population, median IgG antibody levels fell to 246 BAU/mL by 120–150 days after the second vaccination, 141 BAU/mL by 180–210 days after vaccination, and to 102 BAU/mL by 240 days after vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

210-Day Kinetics of Total, IgG, and Neutralizing Spike Antibodies across a Course of 3 Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine

Lau

Phua

et al. 2022

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: We tested the total spike antibody (S-Ab), IgG/IgM S-Ab, and neutralizing antibody (N-Ab) responses of COVID-19-naïve subjects from before their first BNT162b2 vaccination up to 210 days after boosting. Methods: We studied 136 COVID-19-naïve subjects who received three doses of the Pfizer mRNA vaccine (39 males, 97 females, mean age 43.8 ± 13.5 years) from January 2021 to May 2022. Serum was assessed for total S-Ab (Roche), IgG/M (Abbott), and N-Ab (Snibe). Results: Peak antibody levels were measured 20-30 days after each dose, with booster dosing eliciting significantly higher peak antibodies than the second dose: total S-Ab 2219 vs. 19,551 BAU/mL (difference 16,667 BAU/mL, p < 0.0001); IgG 2270 vs. 2932 BAU/mL (difference 660 BAU/mL, p = 0.04); and N-Ab 3.52 vs. 26.4 µg/mL (difference 21.4 µg/mL, p < 0.0001). Only IgM showed a lower peak post-booster antibody titer (COI 2.11 vs. 0.23, difference 1.63, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.38, p < 0.0001). By 180–210 days after the second or third vaccination, total S-Ab/IgG/N-Ab had decreased by 68.7/93.8/73.6% vs. 82.8/86.3/79.5%. The half-lives of IgG and N-Ab antibodies were longer after the third vaccination (IgG: 65 vs. 34 days, N-Ab: 99 vs. 78 days). Conclusion: Total S-Ab/IgG/N-Ab showed a greater increase post-booster, with IgG/N-Ab having a longer half-life.

show abstract

“…The lower mortality we observed in vaccinated patients with spike antibody titres above 1200 U/ml may be based on higher levels of neutralizing antibodies. It has previously been shown that the spike antibody test used in this study has a high sensitivity for detecting neutralizing antibodies and that it maintains that sensitivity over time [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels on hospital admission as a correlate of protection against mortality

Mink

List

Hoefle³

et al. 2023

J Intern Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Millions of people have now been vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, it is still unclear which antibody levels provide protection against mortality. It is further unknown whether measuring antibody concentrations on hospital admission allows for identifying patients with a high risk of mortality. Objectives To evaluate whether anti‐SARS‐CoV2‐spike antibodies on hospital admission predict in‐hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Methods We conducted a prospective, multicentre cohort study on 1152 hospitalized patients who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 with a polymerase chain reaction–based assay. Patients were classified by vaccination status. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike antibodies were determined on hospital admission. The investigated end point was in‐hospital mortality for any cause. Results Spike antibodies on hospital admission were significantly lower in non‐survivors in both non‐vaccinated (73 U/ml, 95%CI 0–164 vs. 175 U/ml, 95%CI 124–235, p = 0.002) and vaccinated patients (1056 U/ml, 95%CI 701–1411 vs. 1668 U/ml, 95%CI 1580–1757, p < 0.001). Further, spike antibodies were significantly lower in fully vaccinated and boostered patients who died compared to those who survived (mean 883 U/ml, 95%CI 406–1359 vs. 1292 U/ml, 95%CI 1152–1431, p = 0.017 and 1485 U/ml, 95%CI 836–2133 vs. 2050 U/ml, 95%CI 1952–2149, p = 0.036). Patients infected with the currently prevailing Omicron variant were three times more likely to die if spike antibodies were <1200 U/ml (OR 3.458, 95%CI 1.562–7.656, p = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, this value increased to an aOR of 4.079 (95%CI 1.809–9.198, p < 0.001). Conclusion Anti‐SARS‐CoV2 spike‐antibody levels on hospital admission are inversely associated with in‐hospital mortality. Hospitalized patients with lower antibody levels have a higher risk of mortality.

show abstract

Longitudinal variation in SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and emergence of viral variants: a serological analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Dynamics of serum cross‐neutralization capacity against SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant in convalescent COVID‐19 patients

Dynamics of serum cross‐neutralization capacity against SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant in convalescent COVID‐19 patients

210-Day Kinetics of Total, IgG, and Neutralizing Spike Antibodies across a Course of 3 Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine

Evaluation of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels on hospital admission as a correlate of protection against mortality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About