Longitudinal evolution of non-motor symptoms in early Parkinson’s disease: a 3-year prospective cohort study

Ou, Ruwei; Hou, Yanbing; Wei, Qianqian; Lin, Junyu; Liu, Kuncheng; Zhang, Lingyu; Jiang, Zheng; Cao, Bei; Zhao, Bi; Song, Wei; Shang, Huifang

doi:10.1038/s41531-021-00207-5

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The decline in the prevalence of apathy in the first few years after PD diagnosis has been attributed to the introduction of dopaminergic medication [ 19 , 30 , 36 ], which was corroborated by several studies [ 19 , 30 , 36 ]. Prevalence rates during the disease course vary (see Table 1 ).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Apathy During the Disease Coursementioning

confidence: 72%

“…Epidemiological studies show a wide range of prevalence rates of apathy in PD (see Table 1 ) [ 4 , 11 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. These discrepancies can be attributed to several factors.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Apathy During the Disease Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, apathy in a patient can fluctuate during disease progression, which could either be attributed to the introduction of medication or the symptom’s natural course [ 14 , 36 , 52 ]. Few studies have undertaken longitudinal follow-up of apathy or have monitored the evolution of this symptom at the individual patient level [ 14 , 19 ]. Martin and colleagues mapped the development of apathy scores per patient for two years, yet no clear pattern emerged [ 52 ].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Apathy During the Disease Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often assumed that apathy results from a pure hypodopaminergic state, as it often can arise following dopamine withdrawal for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery. Dopaminergic treatment has shown improvement in some patients, but a more complex model is required to explain the implicated neurotransmitter systems [ 19 ]. Despite adequate dopaminergic treatment, apathy occurs in PD patients, and the severity of apathy is independent of medication dosage [ 39 , 79 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apathy in Parkinson’s Disease: Defining the Park Apathy Subtype

2022

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Apathy is a neurobehavioural symptom affecting Parkinson’s disease patients of all disease stages. Apathy seems to be associated with a specific underlying non-motor disease subtype and reflects dysfunction of separate neural networks with distinct neurotransmitter systems. Due to the complicated neuropsychiatric aetiology of apathy, clinical assessment of this invalidating non-motor symptom remains challenging. We aim to summarize the current findings on apathy in Parkinson’s disease and highlight knowledge gaps. We will discuss the prevalence rates across the different disease stages and suggest screening tools for clinically relevant apathetic symptoms. We will approach the fundamental knowledge on the neural networks implicated in apathy in a practical manner and formulate recommendations on patient-tailored treatment. We will discuss the Park apathy phenotype in detail, shedding light on different clinical manifestations and implications for prognosis. With this review, we strive to distil the vast available theoretical knowledge into a clinical and patient-oriented perspective.

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Section: Prevalence Of Apathy During the Disease Coursementioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Prevalence Of Apathy During the Disease Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Apathy During the Disease Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apathy in Parkinson’s Disease: Defining the Park Apathy Subtype

2022

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“… 28 However, this relief is not complete, and the prevalence of sleep disturbance still increases as the disease progresses. 29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Disturbances and Associated Factors in Drug-Naïve Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Zhong

Jiang

Zhu

et al. 2021

NDT

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Purpose Sleep disturbance is one of the common symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The study of sleep disturbance used to concentrate on treated PD. This study aimed to investigate the factors that are associated with the sleep quality of drug-naïve patients with PD. Patients and Methods All participants were interviewed using a standard questionnaire to collect basic information. PD severity, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep quality, cognitive status, life quality, and the presence of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and minor hallucination were assessed using corresponding rating scales. The patients with a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score ≤6 fell into the poor sleep group, and those with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire score ≥5 were considered to have probable RBD. Results Seventy drug-naive patients with PD and 30 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education were recruited. Up to 41.4% of the patients suffered from sleep disturbance, and 24.3% of the patients had RBD. Poor sleepers were more likely to have left-side predominant motor symptoms. Compared with good sleepers, poor sleepers, particularly female patients, had more burden in the aspect of anxiety and depression. RBD was associated with more nonmotor symptoms, poor sleep quality, bad performance in cognition orientation domain, anxiety, depression, presence of minor hallucination, and poor life quality. Conclusion Sleep disturbances are common in drug-naïve PD and require wide attention. Motor symptom laterality and gender difference in mood are associated with sleep quality. Depression, anxiety, and RBD are highly related to sleep disturbance. RBD has many comorbidities, which can influence the cognitive function and life quality of the patients.

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Longitudinal Studies of Sleep Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease

Anderson

Pavese

2022

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Purpose of Review Sleep disorders are among the most common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent longitudinal studies of sleep in PD have utilized validated sleep questionnaires and video-polysomnography performed over multiple time points. This review summarizes existing longitudinal studies focusing on the prevalence, associations, and changes of sleep disorders in PD over time, as well as the methodologies used in these studies. Recent Findings Fifty-three longitudinal studies of sleep in PD were identified: excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), restless legs syndrome, and shift work disorder were studied in addition to other studies that had focused on either multiple sleep disorders or broadly on sleep disorders as a whole. The prevalence of sleep disorders increases over time and are associated particularly with non-motor features of disease. RBD is now considered an established prodromal feature of PD, but other sleep disorders do not clearly increase risk of subsequent PD. Further work is necessary to determine if treatment of sleep disorders in PD alters disease symptom and their progression or reduces PD risk. Summary Longitudinal studies of sleep in PD have demonstrated a high prevalence of sleep disorders that are associated with non-motor features of PD which can increase over time. More work is necessary to determine if treatment of sleep disorders can alter the course of PD.

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Longitudinal evolution of non-motor symptoms in early Parkinson’s disease: a 3-year prospective cohort study

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Apathy in Parkinson’s Disease: Defining the Park Apathy Subtype

Apathy in Parkinson’s Disease: Defining the Park Apathy Subtype

Sleep Disturbances and Associated Factors in Drug-Naïve Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Longitudinal Studies of Sleep Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease

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