Apathy is a neurobehavioural symptom affecting Parkinson’s disease patients of all disease stages. Apathy seems to be associated with a specific underlying non-motor disease subtype and reflects dysfunction of separate neural networks with distinct neurotransmitter systems. Due to the complicated neuropsychiatric aetiology of apathy, clinical assessment of this invalidating non-motor symptom remains challenging. We aim to summarize the current findings on apathy in Parkinson’s disease and highlight knowledge gaps. We will discuss the prevalence rates across the different disease stages and suggest screening tools for clinically relevant apathetic symptoms. We will approach the fundamental knowledge on the neural networks implicated in apathy in a practical manner and formulate recommendations on patient-tailored treatment. We will discuss the Park apathy phenotype in detail, shedding light on different clinical manifestations and implications for prognosis. With this review, we strive to distil the vast available theoretical knowledge into a clinical and patient-oriented perspective.

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Neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: a case report Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with increasing incidence rates after the age of 50. PD is typically known as a movement disorder, but is often preceded by non-motor symptoms. From the prodromal stage to the late stages, non-motor symptoms may be present. Early recognition of non-motor symptoms is essential and demonstrates the importance of an open-minded treating physician and a good knowledge of all possible symptoms. In this case report and short review of the literature, the neuropsychiatric symptoms (including sleep disorders) in PD are discussed.