Longitudinal evaluation of the association between Insulin-like growth factor-1, Bone specific alkaline phosphatase and changes in mandibular length

Abstract

The aim of the current longitudinal study was to assess the levels of serum Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and serum Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in different cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) stages and observe their association with the mandibular growth. Blood samples and lateral cephalograms of 63 subjects (age group of 11–17 years) were obtained at two time points, 12 months apart. On the basis of CVMI, all subjects were divided into six groups based on whether the subjects remained in same CVMI stage or transitioned to the next CVMI stage. Annual mandibular length was related with serum BALP and serum IGF-1 levels estimated using ELISA. Serum IGF-1 and BALP attained highest levels at CVMI stage 3 with peak BALP levels observed earlier than IGF-1. Although a positive correlation was determined between IGF-1 and BALP but BALP followed skeletal growth pattern more precisely. Overall IGF-1 and BALP were negatively correlated with mandibular length with notable growth in CVMI groups 3–3 (P < 0.01), 3-4 (P < 0.01), 4-4 (P < 0.001) and 5-5 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, BALP is a potential biomarker for skeletal growth assessment. However, the mandibular growth pattern was independent of changes in IGF-1 and BALP.

Correlation of radiomorphometric indices of the mandible and mandibular angle fractures

“…The distance between the condylion (Co) and gonathion (Gn) [ 29 ]. Co is the most superior point on the condylar head [ 30 ], and Gn is the most anterior-inferior point of the chin [ 30 ].…”

Salivary IGF-1 and Alkaline Phosphatase-Based Modeling for Skeletal Maturity Prediction in Orthodontic Patients

“…(3) difficulty in visualizing the subtle changes in the vertebrae due to incorrect neck posture while taking the radiograph [13]; (4) variability in cervical area of vertebral column due to different skeletal relationship of the jaws, body posture, and shapes of facial components; (5) fusion of second and third cervical vertebrae in 14.3% of healthy subjects [14]; ( 6) not suggesting X-ray exposure more than once a year because of additional radiation exposure hazards [15]. Nowadays, newer possibilities to assess the skeletal maturity are offered by bone formation and resorption biomarkers that change with bone growth and remodeling.…”

Proteomic Identification of Plasma Components in Tachypleus tridentatus and Their Effects on the Longitudinal Bone Growth Rate in Rats

“…The following cell replication in the proliferative zone, as well as with respect to the terminal differentiation and enlargement in the hypertrophic zone, are both primarily caused by circulatory IGF-1 and locally expressed IGF-1. Moreover, IGF-1 can promote bone reconstruction and improve the activity of osteoblasts [ 23 ]. In addition, BMP-2 can promote the growth of long bones and the development of epiphyseal cartilage, as well as play an important role in biological bone remodeling and bone formation [ 24 , 25 ].…”