“… No lasting improvements in either frequency of CPR practice or CPR performance scores in the presence of a leaderboard. | Ciurzynski et al 40 (2017), USA | Pre-post, 21 nurses, hospital | Pre-test questionnaire; 8–12 minutes, 2 rescuers simulated CPR with RTF; switch roles; (if an overall CPR performance score of 80% was not achieved, repeat CPR with RTF); debrief; post-test questionnaire and refresher at 6 months | Knowledge, CPR performance, comfort with emergency response | Knowledge: significantly improved (p = 0.001); knowledge was not retained at 6 months (97, SD = 6) and (85, SD = 11), p = 0.001; Comfort: significantly higher (p = 0.004); Skills: improved at 6 months but not significantly | A personalised refresher simulation every 6 months is recommended |
Donogue et al 41 (2021), USA | Observational, 253 physicians, nurses, paramedics, EM technicians, hospital | Baseline assessment; CPR self-directed skill training every 3 months where participants had to pass with a score over 75%. If not, RTF until pass; AND real-life events with chest compression monitor and videorecording. |
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