Longitudinal Changes in Human Milk Oligosaccharefides (HMOs) Over the Course of 24 Months of Lactation

Plows, Jasmine F.; Berger, Paige K.; Jones, Roshonda B.; Alderete, Tanya L.; Yonemitsu, Chloe; Najera, Julia A.; Khwajazada, Sadaf; Bode, Lars; Goran, Michael I.

doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa427

Cited by 72 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In our study, the concentrations of two major sialylated HMOs (6′-SL and 3′-SL) showed a downward trend across lactation, while the decrease in 3′-SL did not reach a significant level, unlike findings reported in a previous study [ 37 ]. 6′-SL predominated in the early period of lactation (<15 days) and declined with the progression of lactation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond 120 days, the concentrations of 6′-SL were comparable to those of 3′-SL. In line with our findings, it was proposed that 6′-SL occupies the main position among sialylated HMOs at early stages of lactation (<3 months), and the concentration of 3′-SL is higher at 4–8 months [ 3 , 35 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…DSLNT is another major acidic HMO. In several previous studies, the level of DSLNT declined from colostrum to transitional milk to mature milk, but the longitudinal changes were not significant [ 37 , 38 ]. Conversely, unlike the findings reported, we found that the concentration of DSLNT in the 61–120 day stage rose dramatically to at least 1.5 times that at preceding stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Dynamic Changes in Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhou

Sun²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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The aim of this systematic review was to summarize concentrations of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in the Chinese population. We searched articles originally published in both Chinese and English. When compiling data, lactation was categorized into five stages. We found that 6′-sialyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, and lacto-N-neotetraose decreased over lactation. Conversely, 3′-fucosyllactose increased over lactation. Our study represents the first systematic review to summarize HMO concentrations in Chinese population. Our findings not only provide data on HMO profiles in Chinese population but suggest future directions in the study of the metabolism of HMOs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Dynamic Changes in Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhou

Sun²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…Unfortunately, no differentiation between 2′-fucosyllactose (2-FL) and 3′-fucosyllactose (3-FL) was possible with the nontargeted screening method, therefore both were summarized as fucosyllactose (Figure 2D). However, the proportion of 2-FL is higher than 3-FL in secretors (Plows et al, 2021). Moreover, 3-FL is not influenced by secretor status (De Leoz et al, 2012), thus, the summed intensities of 2-FL and 3-FL were still representing the secretor status.…”

Section: Infant Fecal Human Milk Oligosaccharides Reflected the Secretor Status Of The Mothersmentioning

confidence: 88%

Longitudinal Profiles of Dietary and Microbial Metabolites in Formula- and Breastfed Infants

Sillner

Walker

Lucio

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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The early-life metabolome of the intestinal tract is dynamically influenced by colonization of gut microbiota which in turn is affected by nutrition, i.e. breast milk or formula. A detailed examination of fecal metabolites was performed to investigate the effect of probiotics in formula compared to control formula and breast milk within the first months of life in healthy neonates. A broad metabolomics approach was conceptualized to describe fecal polar and semi-polar metabolites affected by feeding type within the first year of life. Fecal metabolomes were clearly distinct between formula- and breastfed infants, mainly originating from diet and microbial metabolism. Unsaturated fatty acids and human milk oligosaccharides were increased in breastfed, whereas Maillard products were found in feces of formula-fed children. Altered microbial metabolism was represented by bile acids and aromatic amino acid metabolites. Elevated levels of sulfated bile acids were detected in stool samples of breastfed infants, whereas secondary bile acids were increased in formula-fed infants. Microbial co-metabolism was supported by significant correlation between chenodeoxycholic or lithocholic acid and members of Clostridia. Fecal metabolites showed strong inter- and intra-individual behavior with features uniquely present in certain infants and at specific time points. Nevertheless, metabolite profiles converged at the end of the first year, coinciding with solid food introduction.

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“…Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a group of fucosylated, sialylated, and neutral oligosaccharides with diverse structures, which are abundant in human milk [ 2 , 3 ]. Lactating women differentially produce these molecules, and their production also varies with lactation [ 4 , 5 ]. HMOs contribute to the correct establishment of the intestinal microbiota in neonates [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of 2′-Fucosyllactose on the Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Activity of Fecal Cultures from Breastfed and Formula-Fed Infants at Two Months of Age

Nogacka

Arboleya

Nikpoor³

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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Although breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition for infant feeding, some circumstances may make breastfeeding difficult. Several commercial milk preparations include synthetic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in their composition. However, the effect of HMOs on the establishment of the intestinal microbiota remains incompletely understood. Independent batch fermentations were performed with feces from six full-term infant donors of two months of age (three breastfed and three formula-fed, exclusively) in the presence of 2′fucosyllactose (2′FL), one of the most abundant HMOs in human milk. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at baseline and at 24 h of incubation. The 2′FL consumption, gas accumulation, and levels of different metabolites were determined by chromatography. Microbiota profiles at baseline were clearly influenced by the mode of feeding and by the intrinsic ability of microbiotas to degrade 2′FL. The 2′FL degradation rate clustered fecal cultures into slow and fast degraders, regardless of feeding type, this being a determinant factor influencing the evolution of the microbiota during incubation, although the low number of donors precludes drawing sound conclusions. More studies are needed to decipher the extent to which the early intervention with HMOs could influence the microbiota as a function of its ability to utilize 2′FL.

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Longitudinal Changes in Human Milk Oligosaccharefides (HMOs) Over the Course of 24 Months of Lactation

Cited by 72 publications

References 35 publications

Dynamic Changes in Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dynamic Changes in Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Longitudinal Profiles of Dietary and Microbial Metabolites in Formula- and Breastfed Infants

Influence of 2′-Fucosyllactose on the Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Activity of Fecal Cultures from Breastfed and Formula-Fed Infants at Two Months of Age

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