Longitudinal Case Series of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Colonization and Infection in Two Cohorts of Rural Iowans

Smith, Tara C.; Hellwig, Emily J; Wardyn, Shylo E.; Kates, Ashley E.; Thapaliya, Dipendra

doi:10.1089/mdr.2017.0124

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Because exposure to livestock-associated S. aureus has been associated with infection among hog production workers and their household contacts (Nadimpalli et al. 2016; Smith et al. 2018; Smith and Wardyn 2015; Wardyn et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Face Mask Use and Persistence of Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Industrial Hog Operation Workers and Household Contacts, USA

Nadimpalli

Stewart

Pierce

et al. 2018

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Industrial hog operation (IHO) workers may persistently carry antibiotic-resistant, livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus in their nasal cavities. It is unclear whether IHO work activities can alter IHO workers’ and their household members’ exposure to these bacteria. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the relationship of IHO work activities with persistence of antibiotic-resistant, livestock-associated S. aureus nasal carriage among IHO workers and their household members. Methods: At biweekly intervals over 4 months, IHO workers and their household members completed questionnaires and provided nasal swabs that were assessed for S. aureus , multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA), and livestock-associated markers (tetracycline resistance, scn absence, spa type). We examined the association between transient and habitual IHO work activities and S. aureus nasal carriage outcomes. Results: One hundred one IHO workers and 79 household members completed 1,456 study visits. Face mask use (each 25% increase) was associated with reduced odds of nasal carriage of MDRSA (odds ratio [OR]: 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 0.92], tetracycline-resistant S. aureus [OR = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.97)], and S. aureus clonal complex (CC) 398/CC9 [OR = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.99)]. IHO workers who ever (vs. never) gave pigs injections had higher odds of these outcomes. Among household members, living with an IHO worker who consistently ( of the time) versus sometimes or never used a face mask was associated with reduced odds of carrying scn -negative S. aureus , tetracycline-resistant S. aureus , and S. aureus CC398/CC9 (OR range: 0.12–0.20, all ), and consistent IHO worker coveralls use was associated with reduced odds of household member MDRSA carriage only. Living with an IHO worker who habitually had contact with hogs (vs. ) was associated with higher odds of household member livestock-associated S. aureus carriage. Conclusions: Consistent face mask use was associated with reduced exposure to antibiotic-resistant, livestock-associated S. aureus among IHO workers and their household members. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3453

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2015). Individuals exposed to livestock-associated S. aureus are at risk of developing mild-to-severe infections, including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), wound infections, pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and bacteremia (Smith et al. 2018; Smith and Wardyn 2015; Wardyn et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face Mask Use and Persistence of Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Industrial Hog Operation Workers and Household Contacts, USA

Nadimpalli

Stewart

Pierce

et al. 2018

Environ Health Perspect

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“…For example, while ST398 is the predominant strain of livestock‐associated S. aureus in Europe and has been recognized as an occupational hazard for people working in the pig industry, in the United States several types of S. aureus , including ST398, ST9, and ST5, have been found in pig farms, as well as on people who work with pigs . The proportion of these different strains varies geographically between Iowa, North Carolina, and elsewhere around the Midwest, though the breakdown of strains has not been reported for most of the United States …”

Section: Transmission Of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Domesticated mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63,66 The proportion of these different strains varies geographically between Iowa, North Carolina, and elsewhere around the Midwest, though the breakdown of strains has not been reported for most of the United States. 60,63 The type of S. aureus is also important because it can influence colonization rates. For example, strains such as ST5 seem to colonize people efficiently, whereas others such as ST398 appear to be poorly adapted to humans.…”

Section: Direct Contact With Food Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, large groups of patients are needed because the subset of farmers and workers infected with Staphylococcus is small compared to the overall patient population . A few studies exploring this issue were confined to limited geographical areas, hence, additional studies need to be conducted across areas and in more locations.…”

Section: Transmission Of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Domesticated mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complexities in understanding antimicrobial resistance across domesticated animal, human, and environmental systems

Graham

Bergeron

Bourassa

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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136

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to both human and animal health. The spread of AMR bacteria and genes across systems can occur through a myriad of pathways, both related and unrelated to agriculture, including via wastewater, soils, manure applications, direct exchange between humans and animals, and food exposure. Tracing origins and drivers of AMR bacteria and genes is challenging due to the array of contexts and the complexity of interactions overlapping health practice, microbiology, genetics, applied science and engineering, as well as social and human factors. Critically assessing the diverse and sometimes contradictory AMR literature is a valuable step in identifying tractable mitigation options to stem AMR spread. In this article we review research on the nonfoodborne spread of AMR, with a focus on domesticated animals and the environment and possible exposures to humans. Attention is especially placed on delineating possible sources and causes of AMR bacterial phenotypes, including underpinning the genetics important to human and animal health.

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Longitudinal Case Series ofStaphylococcus aureusColonization and Infection in Two Cohorts of Rural Iowans

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Face Mask Use and Persistence of Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Industrial Hog Operation Workers and Household Contacts, USA

Face Mask Use and Persistence of Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Industrial Hog Operation Workers and Household Contacts, USA

Complexities in understanding antimicrobial resistance across domesticated animal, human, and environmental systems

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