Complexities in understanding antimicrobial resistance across domesticated animal, human, and environmental systems

Graham, David W.; Bergeron, Gilles; Bourassa, Megan W.; Dickson, James S.; Gomes, Filomena; Howe, Adina; Kahn, Laura H.; Morley, Paul S.; Scott, H. M.; Simjee, Shabbir; Singer, Randall S.; Smith, Tara C.; Storrs, Carina; Wittum, Thomas E.

doi:10.1111/nyas.14036

Cited by 120 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…possess efflux pumps which contribute to the multidrug resistance phenotype and might explain the mutant phenotypes observed (Okamoto et al, 2002;Aeschlimann, 2003). Even though efflux pumps can be also associated with other functions in the cell, the responsible genes can be transferred to other environments and into other species where the resistance phenotype becomes of clinical relevance (Graham et al, 2019).…”

Section: Arctic Environmental Strains Show Widespread Resistance To Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Hemolytic Phenotypes in Culturable Arctic Bacteria

et al. 2020

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Many Arctic biomes, which are populated with abundant and diverse microbial life, are under threat: climate change and warming temperatures have raised concerns about diversity loss and possible emergence of pathogenic microorganisms. At present, there is little information on the occurrence of Arctic virulence-associated phenotypes. In this study we worked with 118 strains of bacteria (from 10 sampling sites in the Arctic region, located in Greenland and the Svalbard Archipelago) isolated using R2A medium. These strains belong to 4 phyla and represent 36 different bacterial genera. Phenotypic resistance to 8 clinically important antimicrobials (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, imipenem, kanamycin, and tetracycline) and thermotolerance range were determined. In addition, a screening of all isolates on blood agar media and erythrocytes suspension of bovine and sheep erythrocytes for virulence-linked hemolytic activity was performed. Although antimicrobial resistance profiles varied among the isolates, they were consistent within bacterial families and genera. Interestingly, a high number of isolates (83/104) were resistant to the tested concentration of imipenem (4 mg/L). In addition, one third of the isolates showed hemolytic activity on blood agar, however, in only 5% of the isolates hemolytic activity was also observed in the cell extracts when added to erythrocyte suspensions for 60 min. The observed microbial phenotypes contribute to our understanding of the presence of virulence-associated factors in the Arctic environments, while highlighting the potential risks associated with changes in the polar areas in the light of climate change.

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Section: Arctic Environmental Strains Show Widespread Resistance To Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Hemolytic Phenotypes in Culturable Arctic Bacteria

et al. 2020

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“…As in humans, use of antimicrobials in veterinary practice contributes to the rise and spread of AMR all over the world [19,41,42]. Besides AMU in food animals, pet animals could transfer resistant bacteria and resistance genes to humans [43][44][45][46].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping knowledge and comprehension of antimicrobial stewardship and biosecurity among veterinary students

et al. 2020

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Objectives As an important public health concern, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is related to lack of knowledge among healthcare professionals. Since the Global Action Plan on AMR highlights the importance of training all healthcare professionals, it is essential to focus our attention on the education related to judicious antimicrobial use. The current study was the first attempt in southeastern Europe to quantify the knowledge about antimicrobial usage and biosecurity measure among veterinary students.

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“…For example, time in the field with animal producers in largely agricultural communities often reveals that discussions of how to improve the welfare of animals in agricultural systems simultaneously intersect with a number of different factors. These factors include the economic structure of food production, how scientific controversies over how 'animal welfare' are conceived [34], day-to-day economic and moral constraints on producers [51,52], technological capacities of the local agricultural systems [48,50], and tradeoffs between improving animal welfare and benefits to environmental sustainability and planetary health [53][54][55]. Heavy and unfortunate focus on whether animals have rights or are moral persons (narrowly conceived) tends to overshadow inquiry into the welfare of animals and initiatives that can produce real-world solutions regarding how best to improve animals' welfare [56]; see also https://speakingofresearch.com/about/).…”

Section: Veterinary Medicine and Animal Welfare: Shifting Priorities mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recalibrating Veterinary Medicine through Animal Welfare Science and Ethics for the 2020s

Vieira

Anthony

2020

Animals

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Simple Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of educating veterinarians and veterinary students in animal welfare science and veterinary ethics, so that they can ably advance pertinent scientific knowledge and promote ethical thinking as trusted animal advocates in the 2020s. In light of this public expectation, a number of challenges are raised for veterinarians and the veterinary profession. These challenges involve: (1) re-envisioning the nature of disease treatment that goes beyond traditional conceptions of health or clinical matters, and which include animal welfare; (2) re-imagining disease prevention at the intersection of animal-human-ecosystem health;(3) developing core competencies in animal welfare science and ethics in order to provide professional leadership in animal welfare; and (4) taking a more active role in the development of novel networked devices, monitoring technologies and automated animal welfare solutions, and understanding their effects on the welfare of animals, human-animal relationships, and the veterinary profession in general.Abstract: What should leading discourses and innovation regarding animal welfare look like for the veterinary profession in the 2020s? This essay considers four main challenges into which veterinarians are increasingly being drawn, as they respond to increasing public expectation for them to be scientific and moral authorities in animal welfare in addition to their traditional role as trusted health experts. They include: (1) to go beyond traditional conceptions of health by adopting a holistic view that also considers animal welfare, not only disease treatment; (2) to reimagine their professional duties when it comes to disease prevention at the intersection of animal-human-ecosystem health; (3) to develop core competencies/proficiency in animal welfare science and ethics in order to navigate discourses concerning competing priorities and socio-political ideologies and to provide professional leadership in animal welfare; (4) to provide feedback on novel networked devices, monitoring technologies and automated animal welfare solutions and their impact on animals' welfare. To competently navigate the intricacies of the socio-political and connected world as trusted authorities and conduits for innovation in and through animal welfare, veterinarians and veterinary students are encouraged to: (a) develop core competencies in veterinary ethics, animal welfare science and deliberative capacities that are well-informed by current multidisciplinary frameworks, such as One Health; (b) engage interested parties in more effective collaboration and ethical decision-making in order to address animal welfare related concerns within their immediate sphere of influence (e.g., in a given community); and (c) participate in the process of engineering and technological design that incorporates animals' welfare data (such as their preferences) for real-time animal monitoring through adding animal scientific and values-aware evidence in information technology systems. ...

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Complexities in understanding antimicrobial resistance across domesticated animal, human, and environmental systems

Cited by 120 publications

References 90 publications

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Hemolytic Phenotypes in Culturable Arctic Bacteria

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Hemolytic Phenotypes in Culturable Arctic Bacteria

Mapping knowledge and comprehension of antimicrobial stewardship and biosecurity among veterinary students

Recalibrating Veterinary Medicine through Animal Welfare Science and Ethics for the 2020s

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