Longer repetition duration increases muscle activation and blood lactate response in matched resistance training protocols

Martins-Costa, Hugo César; Diniz, Rodrigo César Ribeiro; Lima, Fernando Vítor; Machado, Sandra; Almeida, Rafael Silva Valle de; Andrade, André Gustavo Pereira de; Chagas, Mauro Heleno

doi:10.1590/s1980-65742016000100005

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Therefore, TUT can be an indicator of exercise volume regardless of the number of repetitions performed, as indicated in Table 3. Previous studies showed that training with a slower movement tempo and longer TUT results in greater increases in blood lactate and testosterone concentration, compared to a faster © Editorial Committee of Journal of Human Kinetics tempo and shorter TUT (Goto et al, 2009;Martins-Costa et al, 2016;Mazzetti et al, 2007;Wilk et al, 2018b). Thus, extending the duration of a single repetition through a slower movement tempo is a significant factor increasing metabolic stress to resistance exercise, regardless of the number of performed repetitions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of the Movement Tempo on the One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press Results

Wilk

Gołaś

Żmijewski

et al. 2020

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Different tempos of movement can be used during resistance training, but programming them is often a trial-and-error practice, as changing the speed at which the exercise is performed does not always correspond with the tempo at which the 1-repetition-maximum occurred. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of different movement tempos during the bench press (BP) exercise on the one-repetition maximum (1RM) load. Ninety men (age = 25.8 ± 5.3 years, body mass = 80.2 ± 14.9 kg), with a minimum one year of resistance training experience took part in the study. Using a randomized crossover design, each participant completed the BP 1RM test with five different movement tempos: V/0/V/0, 2/0/V/0, 5/0/V/0, 8/0/V/0 and 10/0/V/0. Repeated measures ANOVA compared the differences between the 1RM at each tempo. The 1RM load was significantly greater during V/0/V/0 and 2/0/V/0 compared to 5/0/V/0, 8/0/V/0, and 10/0/V/0 (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the 1RM load was significantly greater during 5/0/V/0 compared to 8/0/V/0 and 10/0/V/0 (p < 0.01), but there were no differences between either V/0/V/0 and 2/0/V/0 (p = 0.92) or between 8/0/V/0 and 10/0/V/0 (p = 0.08). Therefore, different movement tempos used during training should be accompanied by their own tempo-specific 1RM testing, as slower eccentric phases significantly decrease maximal concentric performance. Furthermore, 1RM test procedures should include information about the movement tempo used during the test protocol. In addition, the standardization of the tempo should be taken into account in investigations that use the 1 RM test to assess the effects of any treatment on maximal muscle strength.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of the Movement Tempo on the One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press Results

Wilk

Gołaś

Żmijewski

et al. 2020

Journal of Human Kinetics

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“…Thus, training prescriptions based on cardiac autonomic status has been recommended as a promising tool for fine adjustment of a training program 8,30 . Therefore, the current findings suggest that exercise professionals should consider the effects of RE volume on cardiac autonomic modulation in addition to the possible neuromuscular chronic effects 31,32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Does the number of sets in a resistance exercise session affect the fast and slow phases of post-exercise cardiac autonomic recovery?

Cruz

Porto

Pires

et al. 2020

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of different resistance exercise (RE) volumes on postexercise cardiac autonomic modulation in men. Methods: Ten young men (25.5 ± 4.9 years, 24.8 ± 2.1 kg/m 2) performed 3 trials of RE with 1, 2 or 3 sets (48-72 h between each trial) of 10-12 repetitions (70% of the one-maximum repetition) of bench press, leg press, and barbell row. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed at the 1 st and 5 th minutes of recovery (fast phase) and 3 consecutive 5-minute intervals from the 5 th to 20 th minute of recovery (slow phase). Parasympathetic and global modulations were assessed using the SD1 and SD2 indices of HRV, respectively. The comparison of the interventions was performed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05). Results: Lower parasympathetic modulation was identified after 2 and 3 sets compared to 1 set in both the fast and slow recovery phases (p= 0.004-0.05). Lower global modulation was identified after 3 sets compared to 1 set in both fast and slow recovery phases (p= 0.005-0.01). No differences in post-exercise parasympathetic and global modulation were observed between 2 and 3 sets. Conclusion: We concluded that 2 and 3 sets of RE compared to 1 set promoted higher autonomic reduction on the post-exercise phase, which should be considered by coaches when prescribing an RE program for untrained participants or intend to manipulate the postexercise organic recovery.

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“…As in the present study, EMG also served as an analytical tool for Lacerda et al (2016) and Martins-Costa et al (2016) to verify the influence of TUT as a training variable. Both studies observed that the protocols with the higher number of repetitions presented greater amplitudes of the electromyographic signal for the pectoralis major and triceps brachii muscles (p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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2018

JPES

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The purpose of the present study was to compare the load influence on the time under tension (TUT), electromyographic activity (EMG) and blood lactate concentration (LAC) in 8, 10, and 12RM and the relationship between the TUT and the number of repetitions in the squat exercise. The sample consisted of ten military men (age: 18.90 ± 0.32 years, height: 1.73 ± 0.05 m, body mass: 67.55 ± 4.96 kg, body fat: 6.54 ± 1.87%). The TUT for 8, 10, and 12RM was verified by kinematic using the timing technique of the Kinovea software. After 48 hours, the subjects performed the squat exercise with the TUT and the load obtained in the tests, where the EMG and LAC were evaluated. The electrodes to capture the EMG signal were positioned in the following muscles: vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and femoral biceps (FB). The ANOVA showed significant differences in all protocols in the TUT and LAC variables (p < 0.05) in increasing order to the number of repetitions (8 RM < 10RM < 12RM). The EMG showed a significant reduction in the RF activation in the 10RM for the 12RM in comparison with 8RM, as well as at VL activation for the 8 and 12RM protocols in comparison with 10RM. The study concluded that smaller loads and higher numbers of repetitions generate higher TUT and LAC. However, they result in smaller muscle activation for RF and VL. According to the results of the present study, there is no difference between 8, 10 and 12RM for the VM and FB muscles in the squat exercise.

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Longer repetition duration increases muscle activation and blood lactate response in matched resistance training protocols

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

The Effects of the Movement Tempo on the One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press Results

The Effects of the Movement Tempo on the One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press Results

Does the number of sets in a resistance exercise session affect the fast and slow phases of post-exercise cardiac autonomic recovery?

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