Background. We evaluated the patterns of care and clinical outcomes of metastatic breast cancer patientstreated with firstline trastuzumab-based therapy after previous (neo)adjuvant trastuzumab. Materials and Methods. A total of 416 consecutive, HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients who had received first-linetrastuzumab-basedtherapywereidentifiedat14Italian centers. A total of 113 patients had presented with de novo stage IV disease and were analyzed separately. Dichotomous clinical outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression and time-to-event outcomes using Cox proportional hazards models. Results. In the 202 trastuzumab-naïve patients and 101 patients with previous trastuzumab exposure, we observed the following outcomes, respectively: overall response rate, 69.9% versus 61.3% (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.62; p 5 .131), clinical benefit rate, 79.1% versus 72.5% (adjusted OR, 0.73; p 5 .370), median progression-free survival (PFS), 16.1