Long‐term surveillance for hepatitis E virus in an Italian two‐site farrow‐to‐finish swine farm

Ianiro, Giovanni; Chelli, Eleonora; Sabato, Luca De; Monini, Marina; Ostanello, Fabio; Bartolo, Ilaria Di

doi:10.1111/zph.12837

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, the use of pooled feces provided robust results as described in a previous study on HEV detection in pigs. The authors assessed pooled sample sensitivity in artificial pig fecal pools and reported a high sensitivity up to a fifty-fold dilution for positive fecal samples, allowing for the detection of the virus even if a pen contained 50 animals, 49 of which were negative at the moment of sampling [ 50 ]. In our study, pooling provides the advantage of reducing the number of samples to be analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of HEV RNA Using One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR in Farrow-to-Finish Pig Farms in Bulgaria

et al. 2023

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(1) Background: HEV is a zoonotic, foodborne pathogen. It is spread worldwide and represents a public health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HEV RNA in farrow-to-finish pig farms in different regions of Bulgaria; (2) Methods: Isolation of HEV RNA from pooled samples of feces was performed using a QIAamp® Viral RNA Mini Kit followed by HEV RNA detection using a single-step real-time RT-PCR with primers and probes targeting the ORF 3 HEV genome; (3) Results: HEV RNA was detected in 12 out of 32 tested farms in Bulgaria (37.5%). The overall percentage of HEV-positive pooled fecal samples was 10.8% (68 of 630 samples). HEV was detected mostly in pooled fecal samples from finisher pigs (66/320, 20.6%) and sporadically from dry sows (1/62, 1.6%) and gilts (1/248, 0.4%); (4) Conclusions: Our results confirm that HEV circulates in farrow-to-finish pig farms in Bulgaria. In our study, we found HEV RNA in pooled fecal samples from fattening pigs (4–6-months age), shortly before their transport to the slaughterhouse indicating a potential risk to public health. The possible circulation of HEV throughout pork production requires monitoring and containment measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of HEV RNA Using One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR in Farrow-to-Finish Pig Farms in Bulgaria

et al. 2023

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“…In wild reservoir confined in an area with no or limited contacts with farmed animals the variability of HEV-3 strains within the confined population is kept. This wild boar scenario is in sharp contrast to the situation on pig farms where the same HEV strain is identified repeatedly over the years, even after stamping out (Widen et al, 2011;Ianiro et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Novel subtypes and unexpected heterogeneity of hepatitis E viral strains in wild boar captured in a small area in Central Italy

Sabato

Suffredini

Pasquale

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Wild boar is the main sylvatic reservoir of the genotype 3 of hepatitis E virus (HEV). The occurrence of HEV-3 human cases has been linked to the consumption of raw or undercooked pig and wild boar meat and liver. The zoonotic transmission of HEV-3 has been confirmed by sequencing identical or strictly related viral strains in humans, wild boar, and derived food. The HEV sequences classified within the HEV-3 genotype are highly variable, and although only one serotype has been identified so far, the observed differences allow for the further classification of the HEV-3 genotype into subtypes, named in alphabetical order. Compared to human and pig strains, an even higher heterogeneity is observed among strains infecting wild boar. In the present study, the genetic variability of eight HEV-3 strains detected in wild boars living in a small geographical area in central Italy (Lazio and Umbria regions) was investigated by full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The strains were classified within the HEV-3a, HEV-3c, HEV-3f subtypes and within two new recently proposed subtypes. Results demonstrate – despite the relatively small geographic area of origin – an unexpected divergence within HEV-3 strains hosted by the investigated wild boar population and highlights the need for extensive sequencing of HEV in reservoirs to fully understand diversity, geographical distribution and evolution of this group of viruses.

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“…In wild reservoir confined in an area with no or limited contacts with farmed animals the variability of HEV‐3 strains within the confined population is kept. This wild boar scenario is in sharp contrast to the situation on pig farms where the same HEV strain is identified repeatedly over the years, even after stamping out (Ianiro et al., 2021; Widen et al., 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Novel subtypes and unexpected heterogeneity of hepatitis E viral strains in wild boar captured in a small area in Central Italy

Sabato

Suffredini

Pasquale

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Wild boar is the main sylvatic reservoir of the genotype 3 of hepatitis E virus (HEV). The occurrence of HEV‐3 human cases has been linked to the consumption of raw or undercooked pig and wild boar meat and liver. The zoonotic transmission of HEV‐3 has been confirmed by sequencing identical or strictly related viral strains in humans, wild boar and derived food. The HEV sequences classified within the HEV‐3 genotype are highly variable, and although only one serotype has been identified so far, the observed differences allow for the further classification of the HEV‐3 genotype into subtypes, named in alphabetical order. Compared to human and pig strains, an even higher heterogeneity is observed among strains infecting wild boar. In the present study, the genetic variability of eight HEV‐3 strains detected in wild boars sampled in a small geographical area in Central Italy (Lazio and Umbria regions) was investigated by full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The strains were classified within the HEV‐3a, HEV‐3c, HEV‐3f subtypes and within two new recently proposed subtypes. Results demonstrate – despite the relatively small geographic area of origin – an unexpected divergence within HEV‐3 strains hosted by the investigated wild boar population and highlights the need for extensive sequencing of HEV in reservoirs to fully understand diversity, geographical distribution and evolution of this group of viruses.

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Long‐term surveillance for hepatitis E virus in an Italian two‐site farrow‐to‐finish swine farm

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Detection of HEV RNA Using One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR in Farrow-to-Finish Pig Farms in Bulgaria

Detection of HEV RNA Using One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR in Farrow-to-Finish Pig Farms in Bulgaria

Novel subtypes and unexpected heterogeneity of hepatitis E viral strains in wild boar captured in a small area in Central Italy

Novel subtypes and unexpected heterogeneity of hepatitis E viral strains in wild boar captured in a small area in Central Italy

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