Long-term study of antibody response and injection-site effects of oil adjuvants in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)

Immune response of turbot, Psetta maxima (L.) (Pisces: Teleostei), to formalin-killed scuticociliates (Ciliophora) and adjuvanted formulations

“…The adjuvant used in the current work, Montanide ISA 763A (MON), is based on non-mineral oils and was prepared as oil-in-water emulsions for better tolerance. formulation used in the current work has been assayed in different animal models [25] and also in fish, sometimes with a good correlation between antibody levels and protection and minor side effects compared to other adjuvants [14,17,26]. In ayu Plecoglossus altivelis, a retention time of MON between 4 and 8 weeks was reported [17], although a water-in-oil formulation was used in that case.…”

“…The toxic and side effects of mineral oil adjuvants are well known [13,14], so new adjuvants based on metabolizable oils have been assayed in recent years in human and animal vaccination [13,15]. Among these adjuvants, Montanide ISA 763A has been successfully employed in rainbow trout [16] and ayu [17] vaccination, but no information on its use in turbot or against scuticociliatosis has been published.…”

Protection against atypical furunculosis in Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.); comparison of a commercial furunculosis vaccine and an autogenous vaccine

“…Severe reduction in growth was observed, but immediate mortalities could not be attributed to the adjuvant. Adjuvant injections have been shown to cause abdominal abnormalities in other studies on halibut (Bowden, Lester, MacLachlan & Bricknell 2000; Ingilæ et al. 2000; Bowden, Adamson, MacLachlan, Pert & Bricknell 2002) and salmon (Midtlyng et al.…”

Scuticociliatosis and its recent prophylactic measures in aquaculture with special reference to South Korea

“…The available data on the antibody response to scuticociliates are based on the use of killed ciliates or their fractions with or without Freund's adjuvant [46]. Similarly, toxic and side effects of mineral oil adjuvants are well known [159]. Hence in recent years new adjuvants based on metabolizable oils have been assayed in human and animal vaccination [160].…”