Long-term spinal reflex studies in awake behaving mice

Carp, Jonathan S.; Tennissen, Ann M.; Chen, Xiang Yang; Schalk, Gerwin; Wolpaw, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.05.012

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The experiments described here are a combination of EMG recording and kinematic techniques, as previously described (Akay et al 2006;Pearson et al 2005), and tibial nerve stimulation. The cuff electrodes for the tibial nerve stimulation are a modified version of the cuff electrodes that were previously described (Carp et al 2005). The modification of the cuff electrode and its fabrication allows decreasing the cuff diameter by ϳ35% and length by 66% compared with the cuff electrodes described by Carp et al (2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cuff electrodes for the tibial nerve stimulation are a modified version of the cuff electrodes that were previously described (Carp et al 2005). The modification of the cuff electrode and its fabrication allows decreasing the cuff diameter by ϳ35% and length by 66% compared with the cuff electrodes described by Carp et al (2005). This decrease in cuff size is critical for the implantation of electrodes in young mice (P30) that weigh about 15-17 g. This is an important feature of this method that allows measurement of M max at presymptomatic ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term measurement of muscle denervation and locomotor behavior in individual wild-type and ALS model mice

Akay

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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The increasing number of mouse models of human degenerative and injury-related diseases that affect motor behavior raises the importance of in vivo methodologies allowing measurement of physiological and behavioral changes over an extended period of time in individual animals. A method that provides long-term measurements of muscle denervation and its behavioral consequences in individual mice for several months is presented in this article. The method is applied to mSod1(G93A) mice, which model human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The denervation process of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in mSod1(G93A) mice is demonstrated for up to 3 mo. The data suggest that as muscle denervation progresses, massive behavioral compensation occurs within the spinal cord that allows animals to walk almost normally until late ages. Only around the age of 84 days is the first sign of abnormal movement during walking behavior detected as an abnormal tibialis anterior activity profile that is manifested in subtle but abnormal swing movement during walking. Additionally, this method can be used with other mouse models of human diseases, such as spinal cord injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, Parkinson's diseases, and spinal muscular atrophy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term measurement of muscle denervation and locomotor behavior in individual wild-type and ALS model mice

Akay

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Implant and cable construction, surgical procedures, and animal care have been described fully elsewhere (Carp et al 2005a(Carp et al , 2006, and are summarized here. Mice were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine (120 and 8 mg/kg, ip, respectively) and received additional doses as required.…”

Section: Animals and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some day-to-day variability was evident in the bEMG and MR amplitudes during exposure to the conditioning mode. HR amplitude varied with the level of motoneuron pool activation (as reflected in the bEMG) and with the stimulus intensity (as reflected in the size of the MR; Carp et al 2005a). However, off-line restriction of bEMG and MR amplitudes to fall within narrow ranges greatly reduced this variability, without affecting the time-course of acquisition of up-or down-conditioning (Fig.…”

Section: Conditioning-mode Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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H-Reflex Operant Conditioning in Mice

Carp¹,

Tennissen²,

Chen³

et al. 2006

Journal of Neurophysiology

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. Rats, monkeys, and humans can alter the size of their spinal stretch reflex and its electrically induced analog, the H-reflex (HR), when exposed to an operant conditioning paradigm. Because this conditioning induces plasticity in the spinal cord, it offers a unique opportunity to identify the neuronal sites and mechanisms that underlie a well-defined change in a simple behavior. To facilitate these studies, we developed an HR operant conditioning protocol in mice, which are better suited to genetic manipulation and electrophysiological spinal cord study in vitro than rats or primates. Eleven mice under deep surgical anesthesia were implanted with tibial nerve stimulating electrodes and soleus and gastrocnemius intramuscular electrodes for recording ongoing and stimulus-evoked EMG activity. During the 24-h/day computer-controlled experiment, mice received a liquid reward for either increasing (up-conditioning) or decreasing (down-conditioning) HR amplitude while maintaining target levels of ongoing EMG and directly evoked EMG (M-responses). After 3-7 wk of conditioning, the HR amplitude was 133 Ϯ 7% (SE) of control for up-conditioning and 71 Ϯ 8% of control for downconditioning. HR conditioning was successful (i.e., Ն20% change in HR amplitude in the appropriate direction) in five of six up-conditioned animals (mean final HR amplitude ϭ 139 Ϯ 5% of control HR for successful mice) and in four of five down-conditioned animals (mean final HR amplitude ϭ 63 Ϯ 8% of control HR for successful mice). These effects were not attributable to differences in the net level of motoneuron pool excitation, stimulation strength, or distribution of HR trials throughout the day. Thus mice exhibit HR operant conditioning comparable with that observed in rats and monkeys.

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