Long-term refractive outcomes in children with early diagnosis of moderate to high hyperopia

Laiginhas, Rita; Figueiredo, Lígia; Rothwell, Renata; Geraldes, Rafael; Chibante, João; Ferreira, Carla

doi:10.1080/09273972.2020.1752265

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We found that the SER values of children aged 3-6 decreased gradually. However, the changes were small, suggesting that the prevalence of hyperopia in preschool children does not decrease significantly with age, as confirmed by several previous studies [2,9,23]. Rita Laiginhas et al found in a long-term follow-up of preschool children with moderate to high hyperopia that 49% of children with moderate to high hyperopia who were not refractively corrected developed entropion, and three-quarters of children with moderate to high hyperopia who were refractively corrected early were cured of amblyopia later in the follow-up period [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…However, the changes were small, suggesting that the prevalence of hyperopia in preschool children does not decrease significantly with age, as confirmed by several previous studies [2,9,23]. Rita Laiginhas et al found in a long-term follow-up of preschool children with moderate to high hyperopia that 49% of children with moderate to high hyperopia who were not refractively corrected developed entropion, and three-quarters of children with moderate to high hyperopia who were refractively corrected early were cured of amblyopia later in the follow-up period [9]. Donahue SP et al have shown a correlation between uncorrected moderate hyperopia and measurement of visual perception and visual-motor integration as well as deficits in sustained attention [24], and other studies have pointed out that the early refractive correction of children with moderate hyperopia can improve the regulation of near sustained eye use [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In younger children, lens accommodation is highly variable, and objective optometry without perfect cycloplegia is extremely likely to make the hyperopia that requires refractive correction ambiguous, resulting in ignorance [8]. However,refractive examination of preschool children under cycloplegia is difficult in practice, which requires not only ophthalmic professionals but also expensive instruments to assist and site requirements [9]. With the current changes in the usage of eyes, preschool children spend more time in close proximity to screens, which is more likely to cause adjustment abnormalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An accuracy study of the AL/CR ratio in assessing different degrees of hyperopia in children aged 3-6 years

Wang

Xia

Xie

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To assess the association between different hyperopia levels and the axial length/radius of corneal curvature (AL/CR) ratio and check if hyperopia levels can be assessed by the AL/CR ratio, and provide a basis for hyperopia screening in preschool children. Methods: The spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), and corneal refractive power (K) were obtained through cycloplegia optometry, IOL-Master on children aged 3-6 years, and the AL/CR ratio was calculated. They were categorized into four groups based on the SER: physiological, mild, moderate, and high hyperopia. The data were analyzed utilizing SPSS 23.0. Results: The AL/CR ratio in the high hyperopia group (2.60 ± 0.08) compared to the moderate hyperopia group (2.72 ± 0.08), and the mild hyperopia group (2.83 ± 0.07) was statistically significant (F = 508.125, P = 0.000). The association between SER and AL/CR ratio was higher than the AL and the CR (R = -0.873, R = -0.738, R = 0.374, P = 0.000), and it became greater with the increasing degree of hyperopia (R = -0.284, R = -0.478, R = -0.401, R = -0.637, P = 0.000), with a mild negative correlation in the physiological hyperopia group and a moderate negative correlation in the mild, moderate and high hyperopia groups. The linear regression equation showed that for every 0.1 unit decrease in AL/CR ratio, the SER changed by approximately 1.68 D in the hyperopic direction (R2 = 0.762, P = 0.000). In children aged 3-6 years, when the AL/CR ratio was ≤ 2.80, this suggested SER of approximately ≥ +4.0D. Conclusions: The AL/CR ratio can be utilized to assess different degrees of hyperopia and as an objective indicator of hyperopia. The AL/CR ratio ≤ 2.80 indicates moderate hyperopia in preschool children.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An accuracy study of the AL/CR ratio in assessing different degrees of hyperopia in children aged 3-6 years

Wang

Xia

Xie

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unlike those with mild refractive error or emmetropia, 8 – 10 children with moderate or high hyperopia show minimal changes in their refractive error as they age. 11 – 15 This suggests that ocular growth in hyperopic children may significantly differ from that in emmetropic or myopic children. It is worth noting that hyperopic adults tend to have shorter axial lengths (ALs), 16 which implies that hyperopic eyes may stop growing at a younger age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Biometric Components in Hyperopic Children and a Machine Learning-Based Model to Predict Axial Length

Wang,

Jost,

Birch

2024

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of optical biometric components in children with hyperopia, and apply a machine-learning model to predict axial length. Methods Children with hyperopia (+1 diopters [D] to +10 D) in 3 age groups: 3 to 5 years ( n = 74), 6 to 8 years ( n = 102), and 9 to 11 years ( n = 36) were included. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, central corneal thickness, and corneal power were measured; all participants had cycloplegic refraction within 6 months. Spherical equivalent (SEQ) was calculated. A mixed-effects model was used to compare sex and age groups and adjust for interocular correlation. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to predict axial length and compared with the linear regression. Results Mean SEQ for all 3 age groups were similar but the 9 to 11 year old group had 0.49 D less hyperopia than the 3 to 5 year old group ( P < 0.001). With the exception of corneal thickness, all other ocular components had a significant sex difference ( P < 0.05). The 3 to 5 year group had significantly shorter axial length and anterior chamber depth and higher corneal power than older groups ( P < 0.001). Using SEQ, age, and sex, axial length can be predicted with a CART model, resulting in lower mean absolute error of 0.60 than the linear regression model (0.76). Conclusions Despite similar values of refractive errors, ocular biometric parameters changed with age in hyperopic children, whereby axial length growth is offset by reductions in corneal power. Translational Relevance We provide references for optical components in children with hyperopia, and a machine-learning model for convenient axial length estimation based on SEQ, age, and sex.

show abstract

Long-term refractive outcomes in children with early diagnosis of moderate to high hyperopia

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

An accuracy study of the AL/CR ratio in assessing different degrees of hyperopia in children aged 3-6 years

An accuracy study of the AL/CR ratio in assessing different degrees of hyperopia in children aged 3-6 years

Ocular Biometric Components in Hyperopic Children and a Machine Learning-Based Model to Predict Axial Length

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About