Long-term rain attenuation probability and site diversity gain prediction formulas

Panagopoulos, Athanasios D.; Arapoglou, Pantelis-Daniel; Kanellopoulos, J.D.; Cottis, Panayotis G.

doi:10.1109/tap.2005.850762

Cited by 61 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In [3], [4] rainfall rate and rain attenuation are assumed to follow the lognormal distribution, while in [5] rain attenuation is modeled using the Weibull distribution. In [6], the point rainfall rate and rain attenuation are assumed to follow the gamma distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Inverse Gaussian modeling of rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial links rain attenuation

Kourogiorgas

Panagopoulos

Kanellopoulos

et al. 2012

2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP)

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Abstract-The Inverse Gaussian (IG) distribution is examined for modeling the rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial link rain attenuation. The long-term statistics of rain rate and rain attenuation are modeled using the IG distribution. The method is validated using the recommendation of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendation ITU-R. P. 837 and rain rate data from the ITU Study Group 3 database (DBSG3) database for the case of rain rate. For the modeling of rain attenuation, data which are derived from two databases of DBSG3, these of Earth-space links and line-of-sight terrestrial links are used for validating the model. The results are compared to the one using the lognormal distribution. It has been shown that IG distribution could be more appropriate for modeling rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial link rain attenuation. Finally, some useful conclusions are derived and presented in this paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Inverse Gaussian modeling of rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial links rain attenuation

Kourogiorgas

Panagopoulos

Kanellopoulos

et al. 2012

2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP)

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“…The fade mitigation techniques include diversity protection schemes and power-control and adaptive-wave techniques (Castanet et al, 1998;Panagopoulos et al, 2004;ITU-R, 1994). Among the fade mitigation techniques, site diversity has been found to be the most efficient of all (Panagopoulos et al, 2004(Panagopoulos et al, , 2005ESA, 2002). The site diversity technique is based on the concept of the inhomogeneous nature of a rainfall event which occurs within a localized rain cell of a few kilometers in the horizontal and vertical extent (Panagopoulos et al, 2004;Hodge, 1982;Callaghan et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of rain attenuation and site diversity predictions for tropical regions

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Presented in this paper is an empirical model for long-term rain attenuation prediction and statistical prediction of site diversity gain on a slant path. Rain attenuation prediction on a slant path is derived using data collected from tropical regions, and the formula proposed is based on Gaussian distribution. The proposed rain attenuation model shows a considerable reduction in prediction error in terms of standard deviation and root-mean-square (rms) error. The site diversity prediction model is derived as a function of site separation distance, frequency of operation, elevation angle and baseline orientation angle. The novelty of the model is the inclusion of low elevation angles and a high link frequency up to 70 GHz in the model derivation. The results of comparison with Hodge, Panagopoulos and Nagaraja empirical predictions show that the proposed model provides a better performance for site separation distance and elevation angle. The overall performance of the proposed site diversity model is good, and the percentage error is within the allowable error limit approved by International Telecommunication UnionRegion (ITU-R).

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“…However, the factors of the atmospheric turbulence [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], tiny building jitter [3,7], and rainfall [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] limit widespread application of FSO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physicalmathematical models for the prediction of rain fading distribution have been proposed in such as lognormal distribution [9], gamma distribution [10], Weibull distribution [11,12] and inverse Gaussian (IG) [13][14][15]. For atmospheric turbulence fading distribution, in weak scintillation region, log-normal distribution is the most commonly used model in application [1][2][3]7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outage Probability and Bit-Error Rate for Communication Systems With Gaussian-Schell Electromagnetism Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Raining Turbulence

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Hu³

et al. 2015

PIER C

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Abstract-Two major performance degrading factors in free space optical communication systems are rainfall and atmospheric turbulence. We study the outage probability and bit-error rate for free-space communication links with spatial diversity and Gaussian-Schell electromagnetism beams over the raining turbulence fading channels by double inverse Gaussian distribution proposed in this paper. Assuming intensity-modulation/direct detection with on-off keying and perfect channel state information, we derive expressions of average bit-error rate and outage probability of multiple-input multiple-output free space optical communication systems over double inverse Gaussian model. The effects of scintillation index of raining turbulence, spatially coherence of source, pointing errors and spectral index of nonKolmogorov turbulence on the outage probability and bit-error rate of multiple-input multiple-output free space optical communication systems are examined.

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Long-term rain attenuation probability and site diversity gain prediction formulas

Cited by 61 publications

References 13 publications

On the Inverse Gaussian modeling of rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial links rain attenuation

On the Inverse Gaussian modeling of rainfall rate and slant path and terrestrial links rain attenuation

Modeling of rain attenuation and site diversity predictions for tropical regions

Outage Probability and Bit-Error Rate for Communication Systems With Gaussian-Schell Electromagnetism Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Raining Turbulence

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