Long-term prognostic significance of three-dimensional echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricle and left atrium

Caselli, Stefano; Canali, Emanuele; Foschi, M.; Santini, Daria; Angelantonio, Emanuele Di; Pandian, Natesa G.; Castro, S. De

doi:10.1093/ejechocard/jep198

Cited by 86 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…370,371 Compared with 2D assessment of LA volume, 3DE also has superior prognostic prediction. 372,373 The recommended upper normal indexed LA volume is 34 mL/m 2 for both genders which fits well with a risk-based approach for determination of cut-off between a normal and an enlarged LA. 323,[357][358][359] …”

Section: Echocardiographysupporting

confidence: 64%

EHRA/HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: definition, characterization, and clinical implication

et al. 2016

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Section: Echocardiographysupporting

confidence: 64%

EHRA/HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: definition, characterization, and clinical implication

et al. 2016

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“…In the general population, LA TEF has been demonstrated to be a stronger predictor of atrial fibrillation than maximum LA volume (10), and LA TEF may thus add incremental value and information to assessments of LA size. There are also data to suggest that LAVmin may be a stronger predictor than LAVmax for cardiovascular outcomes in both the general population and in patients with myocardial infarction (16,32). LAVmin reflects both the extent of chronically elevated filling pressures and the efficacy of atrial emptying, and in our multivariate analysis, this was a stronger predictor of POAF than LAVmax was.…”

Section: Figure 2 La Tef and Poafmentioning

confidence: 56%

Pre-Operative Left Atrial Mechanical Function Predicts Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Following Cardiac Surgery

Haffajee

Lee

Alsheikh‐Ali

et al. 2011

JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging

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“…In fact, MRI is nowadays considered to be the gold standard for LA dimension and function assessment [61][62][63], as it provides superior high temporal and spatial resolution, as well as high reproducibility. Three-dimensional echocardiography may also be used to assess LA volumes and function, as measurements compare well against MRI [64] and MDCT [65] and were proved to be useful for predicting cardiovascular events [66]. Although LA volumes seem to be slightly underestimated when compared to MRI measurements, LA ejection fractions are similar to those calculated using MRI [67,68].…”

Section: Comparison To Other Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Left atrium function assessment by echocardiography – physiological and clinical implications

2014

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Left atrium enlargement is a pathophysiological response to volume and pressure overload associated with a wide range of cardiovascular disorders leading to left ventricle systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Physiological factors contribute to significant differences in left atrium size in normal individuals. Moreover, left atrium enlargement was shown to have a significant prognostic value for cardiovascular events such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation or stroke, and increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality rates. Current imaging techniques such as two-and three dimensional echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and multi-detector computed tomography allow a detailed assessment of the left atrium. The current paper aims to offer an overview of two-dimensional echocardiography parameters which provide data concerning left atrium dimensions and phasic functions and may lead to a better understanding of left atrium physiology and pathology.Keywords Left atrium (LA) structure and function assessment by echocardiography has gained interest lately and several quite recent studies were focused particularly on the LA and the changes it is submitted to in a wide range of pathologies. LA impairment has already been shown to emerge with advancing age [1,2], heart failure [3,4] and other cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension [5], atrial fibrillation [6], or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [7]. Moreover, LA enlargement was proved to be associated with an increased risk of developing chronic atrial fibrillation [8] and stroke [9], as well as with higher cardiovascular and all cause mortality rates, particularly in men and in the presence of associated cardiovascular risk factors (high body mass index, smoking, advanced age or diabetes mellitus) [10,11]. Left atrium anatomy and physiologyThe LA has a complex morphology, which may render echocardiographic assessment difficult, due to the oblique position of the interatrial septum and the long and narrow LA appendage [12]; current echocardiographic techniques, which allow surface and volume assessment, assume spherical, cube or ellipsoid models for the LA that are not entirely accurate and may lead to error [13]. Moreover, the four pulmonary veins enter the LA via the posterior wall and are frequently inaccessible for venous flow evaluation by Doppler [12].LA performance is based on four basic mechanical functions: the reservoir function; the conduit function; the active contractile pump function; and the suction force [14]. The latter is not described by most authors, as it is considered the early stage of the reservoir phase.As a reservoir, the LA receives blood from the pulmonary veins during ventricular systole; the mitral annulus and valve descend as a consequence of longitudinal shortening during ventricular contraction, leading to an increase in LA volume and a decrease in pressure due

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Long-term prognostic significance of three-dimensional echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricle and left atrium

Abstract: Owing to a superior accuracy, three-dimensional echocardiography derived parameters and most notably LA minimum volume provide more relevant information on outpatient prognosis.

Cited by 86 publications

References 29 publications

EHRA/HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: definition, characterization, and clinical implication

EHRA/HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: definition, characterization, and clinical implication

Pre-Operative Left Atrial Mechanical Function Predicts Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Following Cardiac Surgery

Left atrium function assessment by echocardiography – physiological and clinical implications

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