Long-term physical activity leads to a significant increase in serum sRAGE levels: a sign of decreased AGE-mediated inflammation due to physical activity?

Abstract

There is growing evidence that low levels of the circulating soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) are a valuable predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the influence of long-term physical activity on serum sRAGE levels. 109 subjects were recruited, and 98 completed the study. Participants were asked to perform exercise within the calculated training pulse for 8 months. The performance gain was measured/quantified by bicycle stress tests at the beginning and end of the observation period. sRAGE was measured at baseline and after 2/6/8 months by ELISA. Backwards, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the association of co-variables age, sex, BMI, and performance at baseline, HbA1c, and lipoprotein a with baseline sRAGE levels. We identified BMI and lipoprotein a as significant predictors for baseline sRAGE levels. Compared to subjects with a performance gain ≤ 4.9% subjects with a gain > 5% showed a significant increase in sRAGE levels up to 22%. sRAGE serum levels correlate negatively with lipoprotein a levels and BMI and long-term physical activity leads to a significant increase in serum sRAGE levels (9–22%), whereby the sRAGE increase is most pronounced in subjects with initially low-performance levels, suggesting that in particular, these subject profit the most from increased physical activity. The sport-mediated increase of sRAGE might be a sign of decreased AGE-mediated inflammation and highlight the protective effect of sports on CVD and other disease which are at least partly mediated by an increased inflammation status.Clinical trials registration NCT02097199.

Reply to letter to the editor: “Advanced glycation end‐products and their receptors: Exercise effects”

“…23,26 Nevertheless, the exercise intervention increased serum sRAGE in chronic studies. 24,25 Although study duration may play a role on sRAGE concentrations, the results from these studies demonstrate that the effect of exercise on sRAGE serum concentrations is inconsistent, similar to what we observed in our systematic review in response to weight management interventions (diet and bariatric surgery). 2 Therefore, further research is warranted to understand the potential modulator effect of exercise on AGEs and its receptors concentrations.…”

“…4 Additionally, we also searched for original articles that investi- (Table 1). [23][24][25][26] Among the acute studies, sRAGE concentrations remained unchanged after the inventions. 23,26 Nevertheless, the exercise intervention increased serum sRAGE in chronic studies.…”

Effect of Physical Activity on Plasma PCSK9 in Subjects With High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

“…However, the maximal oxygen uptake was improved both at 3 and 6 months, which is in line with our study. Recently, Sponder et al (2017, 2018) studied PCSK9 levels in 109 men with cardiometabolic risk factors participating in endurance training for 8 months and found that PCSK9 levels were increased at 2, 6, and 8 months. The reason for the increased PCSK9 levels is unclear since no control subjects were used in the study (Sponder et al, 2017).…”

Regular Training Increases sTWEAK and Its Decoy Receptor sCD163–Does Training Trigger the sTWEAK/sCD163-Axis to Induce an Anti-Inflammatory Effect?

“…Regular physical workout is well known as potent strategy against atherosclerotic processes [1]. Training evolves its beneficial effects by the modulation of numerous (cardiovascular) risk factors, such as the lipid and glucose profile [10,11], and evidently ameliorates the inflammation status [12]. Since CD163 and TWEAK were associated with numerous diseases with inflammation as basic pathomechanism, the influence of training on these biomarkers and their soluble forms, sCD163 and sTWEAK, respectively, is of interest.…”