Long Term Ocular Effects of Mustard Gas Poisoning: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iraqi Kurdish Civilians

Abstract

Background: Iraqi forces utilized a range of chemical weapons including sulfur mustard (SM) and other unknown chemical warfare agents against Iraqi Kurdish civilians in the 1980s. Little data exist regarding the chronic and delayed destructive lesions in the ocular organ caused by this exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate and validate the severity of eye injuries in Kurdish subjects with chronic and delayed-onset mustard gas lesions.