Long-term observation of electrical discharges during persistent Vulcanian activity

Vossen, Caron E. J.; Cimarelli, Corrado; Bennett, Alec; Geisler, André; Gaudin, Damien; Miki, Daisuke; Iguchi, Masato; Dingwell, Donald B.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117084

Cited by 10 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…To detect electrical discharges in situ, a prototype of the Biral Thunderstorm Detector BTD-200 was used. The detector consists of two grounded antennas: a primary antenna composed of a stainless steel sphere that sits at the top of the sensor and a secondary antenna consisting of a stainless steel disc plate that is situated directly below and is shielded by a black Acetal cap 58 , 59 (Fig. 1 c).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 c). Both antennas detect slow variations in the electrostatic field resulting from charge neutralisation due to electrical discharges 58 , 59 . Due to its greater surface area, the primary antenna has the highest sensitivity, while correlation and decorrelation with the secondary antenna allow for the discrimination between electrical discharges and impact transients (ash falling or charged precipitation) on the antenna 58 , 59 , respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both antennas detect slow variations in the electrostatic field resulting from charge neutralisation due to electrical discharges 58 , 59 . Due to its greater surface area, the primary antenna has the highest sensitivity, while correlation and decorrelation with the secondary antenna allow for the discrimination between electrical discharges and impact transients (ash falling or charged precipitation) on the antenna 58 , 59 , respectively. In case of the latter, the primary antenna will produce a transient change in the electric field as charge flows to the ground upon impact, inducing a current of opposite polarity upon the shielded secondary antenna.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case of the latter, the primary antenna will produce a transient change in the electric field as charge flows to the ground upon impact, inducing a current of opposite polarity upon the shielded secondary antenna. The sensor measures within the extremely to super low frequency range (1–45 Hz) at a sample rate of 100 Hz and has been modified to allow for GPS time synchronisation and several years of data storage 59 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The electrical signature of mafic explosive eruptions at Stromboli volcano, Italy

Vossen

Cimarelli

Bennett

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Volcanic lightning is commonly observed in explosive volcanic eruptions of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) > 2 and can be detected remotely providing real-time volcano monitoring information. However, little is known about the electrical activity accompanying the lower-magnitude spectrum of explosive eruptions, often involving mafic magmas. We narrow this gap in knowledge by presenting the electrical signature of the explosive activity (VEI ≤ 1) of Stromboli volcano (Italy) recorded by an electrostatic thunderstorm detector. The persistent eruptive activity of mild Strombolian explosions is occasionally interrupted by larger-scale major explosions and paroxysmal events.Here, we present electrical observations of three major explosions and unprecedented measurements of the 3 July 2019 paroxysm. The electrical signals of the major explosions show apparent similarities, with movements of charge and tens of electrical discharges, arising the question of whether these observations could be used to supplement the classification scheme of explosions on Stromboli. The electrical signals from the 3 July 2019 paroxysm exceed those from the major explosions in amplitude, discharge rate and complexity, showing characteristic variations during different phases of the eruption.These results show that also impulsive lower-magnitude explosions generate detectable electrical activity, which holds promise for monitoring low VEI activity at mafic volcanoes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The electrical signature of mafic explosive eruptions at Stromboli volcano, Italy

Vossen

Cimarelli

Bennett

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Explosive eruptions eject massive quantities of fine ash (<63 μm) into the atmosphere and can be accompanied by volcanic lightning near the vent, within the overlying jet (Aizawa et al., 2016; Behnke et al., 2011, 2014; Cimarelli et al., 2016; McNutt & Williams, 2010; Woodhouse & Behnke, 2014). Experiments (Cimarelli et al., 2014; Forward et al., 2009; Gaudin & Cimarelli, 2019a; James et al., 2000; Méndez Harper & Dufek, 2016; Méndez‐Harper et al., 2015, 2020; Stern et al., 2019b; Vossen et al., 2021) and observations (Aizawa et al., 2016; Behnke et al., 2011, 2014, 2018; Behnke & McNutt, 2014; Cimarelli et al., 2016; Haney et al., 2020) suggest that the occurrence, frequency and intensity of electrical discharges near the vent and within the overlying ash column are sensitive to the concentration of fine ash and the character of underlying mechanisms of particle‐particle collisions and charge transfer (Behnke & Bruning, 2015; Bruning & MacGorman, 2013; Smith et al., 2018). Within the ash columns, this momentum exchange is also diagnostic of turbulent entrainment and mixing properties (Behnke & Bruning, 2015) that govern the rise and gravitational stability of eruption columns (Gilchrist & Jellinek, 2021; Woods, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random Forest Predictions of Fine Ash Concentration and Charging Processes From Experimentally Generated Volcanic Discharges

Rayborn

Jellinek²

2022

JGR Solid Earth

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Volcanic electrification: recent advances and future perspectives

et al. 2022

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The electrification of volcanic plumes has been described intermittently since at least the time of Pliny the Younger and the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius. Although sometimes disregarded in the past as secondary effects, recent work suggests that the electrical properties of volcanic plumes reveal intrinsic and otherwise inaccessible parameters of explosive eruptions. An increasing number of volcanic lightning studies across the last decade have shown that electrification is ubiquitous in volcanic plumes. Technological advances in engineering and numerical modelling, paired with close observation of recent eruptions and dedicated laboratory studies (shock-tube and current impulse experiments), show that charge generation and electrical activity are related to the physical, chemical, and dynamic processes underpinning the eruption itself. Refining our understanding of volcanic plume electrification will continue advancing the fundamental understanding of eruptive processes to improve volcano monitoring. Realizing this goal, however, requires an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of volcanology, atmospheric science, atmospheric electricity, and engineering. Our paper summarizes the rapid and steady progress achieved in recent volcanic lightning research and provides a vision for future developments in this growing field.

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Long-term observation of electrical discharges during persistent Vulcanian activity

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

The electrical signature of mafic explosive eruptions at Stromboli volcano, Italy

The electrical signature of mafic explosive eruptions at Stromboli volcano, Italy

Random Forest Predictions of Fine Ash Concentration and Charging Processes From Experimentally Generated Volcanic Discharges

Volcanic electrification: recent advances and future perspectives

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