Long-term neuropsychological deficits after central nervous system infections despite adequate therapy

Nau, Roland; Schmidt, Holger

doi:10.1007/s00415-007-2019-0

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Viral CNS infections are usually self-limiting, but in extreme ages and in immunocompromised patients, the infection can be more serious. Serious complications only reported in patients with chronic enterovirus meningitis in patients with agammaglobulinaemia, hydrocephalus with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (Schmidt et al, 2005;Nau and Schmidt, 2007;Hotopf et al, 1996). None of our patient had these conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Viral CNS infections are usually self-limiting, but in children less than 1 month old, and in immunocompromised patients, the infection can be more serious. Some infected patients may develop serious sequelae such as long-term cognitive impairment, short term memory loss, psychiatric morbidity and chronic fatigue syndrome (Schmidt et al, 2005;Nau and Schmidt, 2007;Hotopf et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of viral central nervous system infections

Abid

Abukhattab

Ghazouani

et al. 2018

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of viral central nervous system infections

Abid

Abukhattab

Ghazouani

et al. 2018

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…The hippocampal formation is the region of the brain most frequently affected in bacterial meningitis [115,116], and a substantial part of neuropsychological abnormalities in human survivors of meningitis can be attributed to hippocampal injury [117,118]. Unexpectedly, in the adult rabbit model of Str.…”

Section: Dexamethasonementioning

confidence: 98%

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

Nau

Djukic

Spreer

et al. 2015

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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The outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. In community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. Pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. In comatose patients, aggressive measures to lower intracranial pressure <20 mmHg (in particular, external ventriculostomy, osmotherapy and temporary hyperventilation) were effective in a case-control study. Although many experimental approaches were protective in animal models, none of them has been proven effective in patients. Antibiotics, which are bactericidal but do not lyse bacteria, and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or complement factor C5 appear the most promising therapeutic options. At present, vaccination is the most efficient method to reduce disease burden. Palmitoylethanolamide appears promising to enhance the resistance of the brain to infections.

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“…Despite previous reviews of neuropsychological impairments due to CNS infection (Hokkanen & Launes, 2000;Hoogman et al, 2007;Kloek et al, 2020;Lucas et al, 2016;Nau & Schmidt, 2007), we were unable to find a recent overview with a focus on language difficulties. Such an article could be used as an updated reference for research and teaching (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Language impairments and CNS infections: a review

2021

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Introduction: Infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and arthropods can affect the meninges and/or the brain and trigger/relate to difficulties with language tasks. We reviewed the literature on language impairments in people with Central Nervous System (CNS) infections. Aims: To review published reports of CNS infections that trigger/ relate to difficulties with language tasks, to highlight the most commonly infectious agents, and to provide further grounds to study this topic. Methods: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science records were examined. Search strings with 70 infection terms and the words aphasia, fluency, language, naming, reading, and writing were used. The reference section and the citations of each study were examined. The type of infection, infectious agent, number of patients, neurological damage, language tests administered, and main findings were noted for each article meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: We found 41 articles published in the last 45 years. Half of the reports were single case (series) and the other half group studies. Infections with 18 agents were detected as triggering/ related to difficulties with language tasks. Bacterial meningitis, Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSV), and HIV were most commonly reported. Reports of English-speaking patients were most common (46%) followed by other languages spoken in the Western world. Damage to specific cortico-subcortical areas is indicated in half of the studies. Most reports presented cases with diffuse or focal bilateral damage affecting the frontal or temporal lobes. Discussion and conclusion: The current literature is heterogeneous regarding assessment times and language protocols. There is a tendency towards testing language production and administering tests that assess severe language damage. HSV reports use the most in-depth language protocols, probably because of the specific impairments triggered by this disease due to damage to the temporal lobes. Further work may focus on understanding mild language impairments; less explored brain infections, language domains, and modalities (e.g., written/spoken comprehension); risk factors, and impact of co-occurring conditions; and how CNS ARTICLE HISTORY

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Long-term neuropsychological deficits after central nervous system infections despite adequate therapy

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of viral central nervous system infections

Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of viral central nervous system infections

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

Language impairments and CNS infections: a review

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