Long-term Isopropanol Storage Does Not Alter Fish Morphometrics

Larochelle, Colette R.; Pickens, Francisco A. T.; Burns, Michael D.; Sidlauskas, Brian L.

doi:10.1643/cg-15-303

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…< 1 year) changes in geometric morphology due to preservation in ethanol, found that the largest changes occurred in the eye and body depth or body size post-preservation when compared to fresh specimens [ 18 , 20 ], whereas long-term changes (i.e. > 10 years) were not significant for preserved specimens only [ 24 ]. In this study, there was an expansion of the abdominal area in 2W and 4W with no change or shrinking in 6W and 8W.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are potential sources of error in this study, which apply to geometric morphometric studies in general. Some of the trends seen in changes in body shape could be due to a jar effect, where storage influenced specimens’ body shape, potentially causing them to arch [ 24 ]. However, we attempted to alleviate this issue by storing each fish in individual vials and pinning specimens while photographing them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the wide usage of preserved specimens, the effects of preservation are often not discussed as a limitation or potential source of error in studies that assess body shape (e.g., [ 13 , 21 – 23 ]). To obtain a more robust and quantitative assessment of how fish body shapes change after preservation, previous studies have used geometric morphometric analyses [ 18 , 20 , 24 ]. One study assessed changes in morphology after a total of 90 days of preservation [ 20 ], whereas another assessed body shape after both freezing at -20°C and being stored in ethanol for 90 days [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both found significant morphological changes of specimens pre and post-preservation, with the largest changes occurring in the eye and body depth and cautioned against using preserved specimens [ 18 , 20 ]. Another study found no significant effects of formalin fixation and isopropanol preservation time on fish body shape, including specimens which were preserved up to 70 years [ 24 ]. However, this study did not test preserved specimens relative to fresh, unpreserved specimens (all specimens were preserved).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of preservation on fish morphology over time: Implications for morphological studies

et al. 2019

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It has long been recognized that the process of preserving biological specimens results in alterations of body shape, though detailed studies examining the degree to which morphological changes occur throughout the preservation process are lacking. We utilize geometric morphometric analyses, an increasingly common tool for examining shape variation in a wide variety of biological disciplines, to examine the effects of formalin and ethanol preservation on the body shape of 10 freshwater fish species over time: from fresh specimens to eight weeks after preservation. We found significant changes in body shape among fresh and formalin fixed specimens. Furthermore, changes in body shape continue to occur after subsequent ethanol preservation. Two fish species collected at multiple localities show significant morphological differences for a limited number of morphometric characters. However, the significance, or lack thereof, often changed inconsistently from one stage of preservation to another. We conclude that morphometric analyses would ideally be performed on fresh specimens. However, recognizing that this is not always feasible, it is important to be aware of the morphometric changes that can occur during preservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of preservation on fish morphology over time: Implications for morphological studies

et al. 2019

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“…One possible reason may be species differences in melanophore-response characteristics when exposed to distinct preservatives. While numerous experimental studies have examined the effect of preservatives on shape, size, or weight of adult or subadult fishes (e.g., Shields and Carlson, 1996;Kristoffersen and Salvanes, 1998;Ajah and Nunoo, 2003;Martinez et al, 2013;Larochelle et al, 2016), differential loss of coloration through preservation has-to our knowledge-not been thoroughly investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of a Distinctive Spotted Color Pattern in the Cuskeel Neobythites unicolor (Teleostei, Ophidiidae) Based on Underwater-Vehicle Dives, with New Records from the Southern and Eastern Caribbean

Uiblein

Nielsen

Baldwin

et al. 2019

Copeia

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Effects of long‐term ethanol storage on muscle architecture

Leonard

Worden

Boettcher

et al. 2021

The Anatomical Record

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Muscle excursion and force potential can be estimated from architectural variables, including mass, volume, fascicle length, and density. These have been collected from fresh specimens, preserved specimens, and sometimes mixed samples of both. However, preservation alters the gross morphology of muscles. This study aims to quantify the effects of long-term storage on myological properties across a sample of fresh and ethanol preserved Mus musculus specimens ranging in storage time from 16 to 130 years. Masses, volumes, and densities of biceps femoris, quadriceps femoris, and triceps surae were measured, and histological cross-sections of some specimens were used to evaluate the microscale effects of long-term fluid preservation. For the remainder of the sample, chemically dissected fascicle lengths were measured to evaluate the fixation effects on the linear dimensions of muscle architecture. Relative muscle mass, volume, fascicle length, average fiber area, and density, and percent fiber area were regressed against years stored in ethanol. Muscle size dropped steeply between fresh and stored samples, ultimately decreasing by 62 and 60%, respectively. These losses correlate with histologically measured shrinking of average muscle fiber area. Density of stored specimens plateaued 5% below that of fresh ones. Although muscles lost mass and volume during ethanol storage, fascicle lengths did not shorten significantly (presumably because they were preserved attached on either end to bone). This study demonstrates that muscle mass, volume, and density of specimens stored long-term in ethanol should be corrected by factors of 2.64, 2.49, and 1.054 respectively for comparability to fresh specimens.

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Long-term Isopropanol Storage Does Not Alter Fish Morphometrics

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of preservation on fish morphology over time: Implications for morphological studies

Effect of preservation on fish morphology over time: Implications for morphological studies

Discovery of a Distinctive Spotted Color Pattern in the Cuskeel Neobythites unicolor (Teleostei, Ophidiidae) Based on Underwater-Vehicle Dives, with New Records from the Southern and Eastern Caribbean

Effects of long‐term ethanol storage on muscle architecture

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