Long-term infection of goats with bluetongue virus serotype 25

Vögtlin, Andrea; Hofmann, Martin; Nenniger, C; Renzullo, Sandra; Steinrigl, Adolf; Loitsch, Angelika; Schwermer, Heinzpeter; Kaufmann, Christian; Thür, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.06.001

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This indicates that this BTV-26 strain may not be adapted to insect cells and therefore may not be spread through Culicoides vectors. Similarly, it has so far proved impossible to isolate a strain of bluetongue serotype 25 (BTV-25) that was first identified to be circulating in goats in Switzerland [15], [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Transmission of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 26 through Direct Contact

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to assess the mechanisms of transmission of bluetongue virus serotype 26 (BTV-26) in goats. A previous study, which investigated the pathogenicity and infection kinetics of BTV-26 in goats, unexpectedly revealed that one control goat may have been infected through a direct contact transmission route. To investigate the transmission mechanisms of BTV-26 in more detail an experimental infection study was carried out in which three goats were infected with BTV-26, three goats were kept uninfected, but were housed in direct contact with the infected goats, and an additional four goats were kept in indirect contact separated from infected goats by metal gates. This barrier allowed the goats to have occasional face-to-face contact in the same airspace, but feeding, watering, sampling and environmental cleaning was carried out separately. The three experimentally infected goats did not show clinical signs of BTV, however high levels of viral RNA were detected and virus was isolated from their blood. At 21 dpi viral RNA was detected in, and virus was isolated from the blood of the three direct contact goats, which also seroconverted. The four indirect barrier contact goats remained uninfected throughout the duration of the experiment. In order to assess replication in a laboratory model species of Culicoides biting midge, more than 300 Culicoides sonorensis were fed a BTV-26 spiked blood meal and incubated for 7 days. The dissemination of BTV-26 in individual C. sonorensis was inferred from the quantity of virus RNA and indicated that none of the insects processed at day 7 possessed transmissible infections. This study shows that BTV-26 is easily transmitted through direct contact transmission between goats, and the strain does not seem to replicate in C. sonorensis midges using standard incubation conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Transmission of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 26 through Direct Contact

et al. 2014

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“…comm. ), the original isolates of which (BTV-25) cannot yet be grown in cell culture (Planzer et al 2011, Vogtlin et al 2013). In addition, by using tagged recombinant viruses generated by reverse genetic technologies, it is possible to follow their distribution and dissemination in infected cells or tissues (Shaw et al 2013).…”

Section: Reverse Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Why does EHDV only sporadically cause disease in cattle(Kedmi et al 2011) and why is the disease much less severe as compared to deer? c. What is the reason for the host range restriction of the newly described putative BTV-25(Vogtlin et al 2013)? 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Review of Knowledge Gaps and Tools for Orbivirus Research

Drolet

Rijn

Howerth

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Although recognized as causing emerging and re-emerging disease outbreaks worldwide since the late 1800 s, there has been growing interest in the United States and Europe in recent years in orbiviruses, their insect vectors, and the diseases they cause in domestic livestock and wildlife. This is due, in part, to the emergence of bluetongue (BT) in northern Europe in 2006-2007 resulting in a devastating outbreak, as well as severe BT outbreaks in sheep and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) outbreaks in deer and cattle in the United States. Of notable concern is the isolation of as many as 10 new BT virus (BTV) serotypes in the United States since 1999 and their associated unknowns, such as route of introduction, virulence to mammals, and indigenous competent vectors. This review, based on a gap analysis workshop composed of international experts on orbiviruses conducted in 2013, gives a global perspective of current basic virological understanding of orbiviruses, with particular attention to BTV and the closely related epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), and identifies a multitude of basic virology research gaps, critical for predicting and preventing outbreaks.

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“…In the last years, next to the classical 24 serotypes which are transmitted by vectors, new serotypes, such as, BTV-25, BTV-26, BTV-27 [5][6][7] have been described. The last serotypes are characterized by some addition features, causing asymptomatic infections, being directly transmitted, at least BTV-26 [8] having long viraemia (BTV-250 [9] and using goats as reservoir hosts. Vector-independent transmission of BTV then can occur, although its significance is not fully known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study conducted in dromedaries in Mauritania slaughterhouse, BTV-26 neutralising antibodies were also found in a high number of animals confirming that horizontal transmission may have occurred in this case at the slaughterhouse, where animals are gathered together for several days before slaughtering. In one report, serotype 25 viral RNA was found for at least 2 years in individual animals, and the blood of some goats was infectious at 12-19 months [9]. Typical clinical signs of BTD occur when virulent BTV strains introduced into free areas by vectors or susceptible naive animals move to endemic areas [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and serological study on bluetongue virus serotype 4 in cattle in Albania

Koleci¹,

Dedolli²,

Koni³

et al. 2017

Anim Husb Dairy Vet Sci

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At the end of July beginning August 2014 an emergent bluetongue virus serotype 4 (BTV-4) was introduced in Albania and bluetongue disease (BTD) outbreak affected sheep, goats and cattle populations. Materials and methods:In this study, there were include data collected from 210 cattle, 56 of them shown clinical sign and were investigate closely. This subpopulation was part of cattle that randomly were tested for presence of total IgG by employing a competitive ELISA (cELISA) method. ELISA positive samples were tested by serum neutralization (SN) assay for nine different bluetongue serotypes.Results: Out of 210 individual bovine sera samples, 128 sera blood samples were positive in cELISA test for presence of total IgG against BTV. The most prevalent clinical signs in animal that developed BT disease were reduction of milk production, fever, lameness, conjunctivitis and appetite lost. The case fatality resulted 5.4%. The SN test confirmed the c-ELISA results revealing the presence of antibodies against BTV serotype 4 in 62.5% (80 samples) of cELISA positive samples and the titer varies from 1:10 to 1:640. Conclusion:The epizootic outbreak of BT disease affected cattle apart sheep and goats and severe clinical disease was described. Majority of the clinically affected cattle were positive in cELISA and from nine serotypes known to be spread in Europe, only BTV serotype 4 was determine by serum neutralization test.

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Long-term infection of goats with bluetongue virus serotype 25

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Evidence for Transmission of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 26 through Direct Contact

Evidence for Transmission of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 26 through Direct Contact

A Review of Knowledge Gaps and Tools for Orbivirus Research

Clinical and serological study on bluetongue virus serotype 4 in cattle in Albania

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