Long-term improvement in unsafe injection practices following community intervention

Luby, Stephen P.; Hoodbhoy, Fawzia; Jan, Aziz; Shah, A. A.; Hutin, Yvan

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2004.03.007

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Luby et al in a follow-up study in Hafizabad showed that it is possible to improve the practice of unsterile and unnecessary injections by relatively simple community-based interventions 100. After low-cost community-based efforts to increase awareness, there was a reported decrease in the use of injections overall and an increase in the use of new needles for injections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Pakistan: prevalence and risk factors

Ali

Donahue

Qureshi

et al. 2009

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

270

246

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Summary Background Pakistan carries one of the world’s highest burdens of chronic hepatitis and mortality due to liver failure and hepatocellular carcinomas. However, national level estimates of the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and hepatitis C are currently not available. Methods We reviewed the medical and public health literature over a 13-year period ([Au?1] 1994–September 2007) to estimate the prevalence of active hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C in Pakistan, analyzing data separately for the general and high-risk populations and for each of the four provinces. We included 84 publications with 139 studies (42 studies had two or more sub-studies). Results Methodological differences in studies made it inappropriate to conduct a formal meta-analysis to determine accurate national prevalence estimates, but we estimated the likely range of prevalence in different population sub-groups. A weighted average of hepatitis B antigen prevalence in pediatric populations was 2.4% (range 1.7–5.5%) and for hepatitis C antibody was 2.1% (range 0.4–5.4%). A weighted average of hepatitis B antigen prevalence among healthy adults (blood donors and non-donors) was 2.4% (range 1.4–11.0%) and for hepatitis C antibody was 3.0% (range 0.3–31.9% [Au?2]). Rates in the high-risk subgroups were far higher. Conclusions Data suggest a moderate to high prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in different areas of Pakistan. The published literature on the modes of transmission of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Pakistan implicate contaminated needle use in medical care and drug abuse and unsafe blood and blood product transfusion as the major causal factors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Pakistan: prevalence and risk factors

Ali

Donahue

Qureshi

et al. 2009

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

270

246

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“…in a follow-up study proved that after community-based efforts to increase awareness, results in decrease use of unsafe injections. 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and determinants of Hepatitis B and C virusin general population of Farash Town, Islamabad

Asad¹,

Ahmed²,

Zafar³

et al. 2015

Pak J Med Sci

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Background and Objective:Both Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are rapidly spreading in the developing countries. Both of them are blood borne and are transmitted through un-screened blood transfusion, inadequately sterilized needles and equipment. According to WHO’s criteria of endemicity, Pakistan has high disease burden of Hepatitis B and C. The present study was planned to determine the frequency and to identify the risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus in the general community of Farash town.Methods:This descriptive study was carried out in Al Nafees Medical Hospital Lab, from January 2013 to December 2013. Both the genders and all age groups were included in the study. All the patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria had given a written consent. Data was collected through questionnaire and was analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results:Three-hundred and forty five patients were studied. Among these 92 (27%) were males and 253(73%) were female, 33% of them had hepatitis C, 9% had hepatitis B. History of injections was reported in all of the patients. Visit to community barbers was present in 58.6% and 41% cases of hepatitis B and C. History of dental procedures was obtained in 7(24%) and 15(13%) patients of hepatitis B and C.Conclusion:Major contributors for Hepatitis B and C in Farash town are use of unsterilized therapeutic injections and visit to community barbers. Education of the barbers regarding sterilization may help in reducing the burden of infection in this community.

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“…Indeed, local efforts to improve injection practices can be effective. 28 Efforts to reduce the frequency of inappropriate use of injections may also be effective in preventing post-injection infections in China and elsewhere. 28,29 Such efforts would not only be expected to reduce infections, but save costs as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium abscessus post-injection abscesses from extrinsic contamination of multiple-dose bottles of normal saline in a rural clinic

Yuan

Liu

Yang

et al. 2009

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Long-term improvement in unsafe injection practices following community intervention

Abstract: Following this low cost health communication effort, community members took steps to protect themselves from unsafe injections.

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Pakistan: prevalence and risk factors

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Pakistan: prevalence and risk factors

Frequency and determinants of Hepatitis B and C virusin general population of Farash Town, Islamabad

Mycobacterium abscessus post-injection abscesses from extrinsic contamination of multiple-dose bottles of normal saline in a rural clinic

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