Long-term Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children and Adults After Mild Infection

Chiara, Costanza Di; Cantarutti, Anna; Costenaro, Paola; Donà, Daniele; Bonfante, Francesco; Cosma, Chiara; Ferrarese, Martina; Cozzani, Sandra; Petrara, Maria Raffaella; Carmona, Francesco; Liberati, Cecilia; Palma, Paolo; Salvo, Giovanni Di; Rossi, Anita De; Plebani, Mario; Padoan, Andrea; Giaquinto, Carlo

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.21616

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…5–8 Few data are available on seroreversion in children, although a few cohort studies have found that IgG antibodies waned (yet remained detectable), starting at two months up to 18 months post-infection, with higher antibody levels consistently observed among younger children. 7,9–13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7][8] Few data are available on seroreversion in children, although a few cohort studies have found that IgG antibodies waned (yet remained detectable), starting at two months up to 18 months post-infection, with higher antibody levels consistently observed among younger children. 7,[9][10][11][12][13] In this prospective population-based cohort study, we used serological testing to assess the prevalence, seroconversion, and seroreversion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children and adolescents in Montreal, Canada. We also identified characteristics of study participants associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and seroreversion of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among a cohort of children and adolescents in Montreal, Canada

Zinszer

Charland

Pierce

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Importance: Repeated serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 allows the monitoring of antibody dynamics in populations, including detecting infections that are missed by RT-PCR or antigen testing. Understanding the factors associated with seroconversion and seroreversion as well as the duration of infection-induced antibodies can also inform public health recommendations regarding disease prevention and mitigation efforts. Objective: To use serological testing to assess the prevalence, seroconversion, and seroreversion of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children and adolescents in Montreal, Canada. Design: This analysis reports on three rounds of data collection from a prospective cohort study (Enfants et COVID-19: Étude de séroprévalence [EnCORE]). The study rounds occurred as follows: Round 1 October 2020-March 2021, Round 2 May to July 2021, and Round 3 November 2021 to January 2022. Most Round 3 samples were collected prior to the spread of the Omicron BA.1 variant in Quebec. Setting: Population-based sample. Participants: Children and adolescents aged 2 to 17 years in Montreal, Canada. Exposure: Potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Main Outcomes and Measures: Participants provided dried blood spots (DBS) for antibody detection and parents completed online questionnaires for sociodemographics and COVID-19 symptoms and testing history. The serostatus of participants was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using the receptor-binding domain (RBD) from the spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein (N) as antigens. We estimated seroprevalence for each round of data collection and by participant and household characteristics. Seroconversion rates were calculated as were the likelihoods of remaining seropositive at six months and one year. Results: The study included DBS samples from 1 632, 936, and 723 participants in the first, second, and third rounds of data collection, respectively. The baseline seroprevalence was 5.8% (95% CI 4.8-7.1), which increased to 10.5% and 10.9% for the respective follow-ups (95% CI 8.6-12.7; 95% CI 8.8-13.5). The overall average crude rate of seroconversion over the study period was 12.7 per 100 person-years (95% CI 10.9-14.5). Adjusted hazard rates of seroconversion by child and household characteristics showed higher rates in children who were female, whose parent identified as a racial or ethnic minority, and in households with incomes less than 100K. The likelihood of remaining seropositive at six months was 67% (95% CI 59-76) and dropped to 19% (95% CI 11%-33%) at one year. Conclusions and Relevance: The data reported here provide estimates of pre-Omicron seroprevalence, seroconversion rates and time to seroreversion in a population-based cohort of children and adolescents. Serological studies continue to provide valuable contributions for infection prevalence estimates and help us better understand the dynamics of antibody levels following infection. Continued study of seroconversion and seroreversion can inform public health recommendations such as COVID-19 vaccination and booster schedules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and seroreversion of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among a cohort of children and adolescents in Montreal, Canada

Zinszer

Charland

Pierce

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…At each follow-up visit, blood samples were collected from all cases for serological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, through either the detection of the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (MAGLUMI™2000 Plus, Snibe Diagnostics, Snibe Diagnostics, New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd [Snibe], Shenzhen, China.) and/or the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with a high throughput method for Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Psychological Impact on Children and Parents of Experiencing COVID-19 Infection in One or More Family Members

et al. 2022

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SARS-CoV-2 infection may impair behavior and mental health; we explored the psychological impact on parents and children who experienced COVID-19 within their families. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted on families attending the COVID-19 Follow-up Clinic at the Department for Women's and Children's Health, Padua (Italy). From April 2020 to August 2021, 75 surveys were collected from 66 families (97 parents and 129 children); almost 70% of participants had COVID-19, mostly asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic, and the median time from infection to survey compilation was 164.7 days (SD 56). Most parents (>87%) reported positive relationships with family members either before, during, or after COVID-19. More than one-third of children and adolescents were unable to adapt to isolation. Among 31 pre-school children with a median age of 3 (SD 1.7), a change of one or more functions was reported for 74.2% of cases irrespective of COVID-19 status, particularly a change in circadian rhythm (25%), in relationship with parents (42.8%), and poor emotional control (36%). Among 74 children with a median age of 10.9 years (SD 2.7), 8.1% had a score indicating a disease; however, significant impairment in attention was reported for 16.7%, along with anxiety/depression and problems with conduct in 5.6% and 6.5% of cases, respectively.

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“…For example, 75% of children aged 0-11 years in the US had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in February 2022,16 and this figure has probably increased. Uncertainty remains about how much additional protection the vaccine offers against covid-19 or how long antibodies last compared with antibodies developed through natural immunity 17…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncertainty remains about how much additional protection the vaccine offers against covid-19 or how long antibodies last compared with antibodies developed through natural immunity. 17 Covid-19 vaccination could reduce incidence of severe disease among under 5s considered at highest risk 15 and may protect them against the rarer multisystem inflammatory syndrome, as observed in children aged over 12 years. 18 This complication has also been reported after covid-19 vaccination in older children, but at lower rates than occur following natural infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vaccinating children aged under 5 years against covid-19

Saxena

Wighton

2022

BMJ

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Long-term Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children and Adults After Mild Infection

Cited by 44 publications

References 42 publications

Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and seroreversion of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among a cohort of children and adolescents in Montreal, Canada

Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and seroreversion of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among a cohort of children and adolescents in Montreal, Canada

Perceived Psychological Impact on Children and Parents of Experiencing COVID-19 Infection in One or More Family Members

Vaccinating children aged under 5 years against covid-19

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