Long-Term Habituation in the Marine Mollusc<i>Tritonia diomedea</i>

Frost, William N.; Brandon, Cindy L.; Zyl, Carin van

doi:10.2307/4134560

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…1B, 2A), this model system has been used to study a number of issues concerning the neural basis of behavior. These include cellular mechanisms related to learning and memory, rhythmic pattern generation, multifunctional networks, and prepulse inhibition (Getting, 1983, Katz et al , 1994, Katz and Frost, 1995a, b, Frost et al , 1996, Frost et al , 1998, Mongeluzi et al , 1998, Mongeluzi and Frost, 2000, Popescu and Frost, 2002, Frost et al , 2003, Frost et al , 2006). Further mechanistic studies of these topics would benefit from increased knowledge of the transmitters used by the swim circuit neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence That the Swim Afferent Neurons ofTritonia diomedeaAre Glutamatergic

Megalou

Brandon

Frost

2009

The Biological Bulletin

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The escape swim response of the marine mollusc Tritonia diomedea is a well-established model system for studies of the neural basis of behavior. While the swim neural network is reasonably well understood, little is known about the transmitters used by its constituent neurons. In the present study, we provide immunocytochemical and electrophysiological evidence that the S-cells, the afferent neurons that detect aversive skin stimuli and in turn trigger Tritonia’s escape swim response, use glutamate as their transmitter. First, immunolabeling revealed that S-cell somata contain elevated levels of glutamate compared to most other neurons in the Tritonia brain, consistent with findings from glutamatergic neurons in many species. Second, pressure-applied puffs of glutamate produced the same excitatory response in the target neurons of the S-cells as the naturally released S-cell transmitter itself. Third, the glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX completely blocked S-cell synaptic connections. These findings support glutamate as a transmitter used by the S-cells, and will facilitate studies using this model system to explore a variety of issues related to the neural basis of behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence That the Swim Afferent Neurons ofTritonia diomedeaAre Glutamatergic

Megalou

Brandon

Frost

2009

The Biological Bulletin

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“…Si el decremento en la repuesta es duradero, se habla de habituación de largo plazo, mientras que si es transitorio, se habla de habituación de corto plazo (Vogel & Wagner, 2005). Se ha reportado evidencia de habituación en especies tan diversas como protozoos, peces, moluscos, ratas, conejos, gatos, perros y humanos (Davis, 1970;Dycus & Powers, 1997;Frost, Brandon, & van Zyl, 2006;Peeke & Veno, 1973;Seal & Zbrozyna, 1978;Thompson & Spencer, 1966;Whitlow, 1975;Wood, 1973). La abundante información acumulada durante más de un siglo de investigación experimental ha permitido identificar un conjunto de características o parámetros de la habituación, cuyas principales regularidades empíricas han permanecido relativamente indiscutidas, desde que fueran enunciadas sistemáticamente por Thompson y Spencer (1966).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Especificidad contextual diferencial en la habituación de las respuestas de parpadeo y aceleración cardiaca en humanos

et al. 2014

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r e S u m e n Wagner (1978) propuso que la habituación, definida como una disminución en la respuesta a un estímulo que se repite, dependería de la formación de una asociación entre el contexto y el estímulo. Según este enfoque, la habituación debería ser contexto-específica, es decir, la respuesta habituada en un contexto debería deshabituarse al presentar el estímulo en un contexto novedoso. Esta hipótesis fue examinada a través de un experimento donde se sometió a un grupo de estudiantes a una sesión de habituación consistente en 60 repeticiones de un estímulo provocador de reacciones de parpadeo y aceleración cardiaca. Posteriormente, en una sesión de prueba se midió la amplitud de estas respuestas, presentando el estímulo en el mismo contexto (Grupo Igual) o en un contexto distinto a aquel donde ocurrió la habituación (Grupo Diferente). Los resultados de la prueba arrojaron evidencia de especificidad contextual diferencial para ambas respuestas, ya que la respuesta de aceleración cardiaca resultó disminuida en el grupo igual pero no en el grupo diferente (revelando especificidad), mientras que la respuesta de parpadeo estuvo igualmente disminuida en ambos grupos (revelando ausencia de especificidad). Estos hallazgos confirman observaciones previas con ratas que demuestran que el control contextual de la habituación depende de la naturaleza de la respuesta. Wagner (1978) proposed that habituation, defined as a decrease in responding to a repeated stimulus, would depend on the formation of an association between the stimulus and the context. According to this approach, habituation should be context-specific; that is, a response that was habituated in a given context should dishabituate when the stimulus is presented in a novel context. This hypothesis was examined in an experiment in which a group of students received a habituation session consisting of 60 repetitions of a stimulus capable of evoking eyeblink and heart-rate acceleration reactions. Subsequently, in a testing session the amplitude of these responses was examined by presenting the stimulus in the same context used in the habituation session (Group Same) or in an alternative context (Group Different). The Palabras clave habituación; aprendizaje contextual; especificidad contextual A b S t r A c t

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“…The universality of this simple form of learning has been demonstrated in a broad range of organisms such as protozoa (33), birds (8), fi sh (22), mollusks (11), rats (3), rabbits (32), cats (13,27), dogs (23) and humans (9), just to name a few. A good deal of research has focused on determining the conditions or parameters that lead to habituation (26,27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habituation of the eyeblink response in humans with stimuli presented in a sequence of incremental intensity

et al. 2011

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In an experiment we examined whether the repeated presentation of tones of gradually increasing intensities produces greater decrement in the eyeblink refl ex response in humans than the repetition of tones of constant intensities. Two groups of participants matched for their initial level of response were exposed to 110 tones of 100-ms duration. For the participants in the incremental group, the tones increased from 60-to 90-dB in 3-dB steps, whereas participants in the constant group received the tones at a fi xed 90-dB intensity. The results indicated that the level of response in the last block of 10 trials, in which both groups received 90-dB tones, was signifi cantly lower in the incremental group than in the constant group. These fi ndings support the data presented by Davis and Wagner (7) with the acoustic response in rats, but differ from several reports with autonomic responses in humans, where the advantage of the incremental condition has not been observed unambiguously. The discussion analyzes theoretical approaches to this phenomenon and the possible involvement of separate neural circuits.

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Long-Term Habituation in the Marine MolluscTritonia diomedea

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Evidence That the Swim Afferent Neurons ofTritonia diomedeaAre Glutamatergic

Evidence That the Swim Afferent Neurons ofTritonia diomedeaAre Glutamatergic

Especificidad contextual diferencial en la habituación de las respuestas de parpadeo y aceleración cardiaca en humanos

Habituation of the eyeblink response in humans with stimuli presented in a sequence of incremental intensity

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