Long‐term follow‐up results of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (Hyper‐CVAD), a dose‐intensive regimen, in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia

Abstract

An in vitro model was set up to investigate the effects of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) and its induced electric fields on osteoblast cells under inflammatory conditions. Osteoblasts (7F2) were seeded on top of chitosan scaffolds and co‐cultured with macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) growing on the bottom of culture wells, stimulated by lipopolysaccharide to release reactive oxygen species including nitric oxide (NO). The co‐culture was exposed to PEMF (magnitude of the magnetic field = 1.5 mT; induced electric voltage = 2.5 mV; frequency = 75 Hz; pulse duration = 1.3 ms) for 9 h. The osteoblasts were examined for their proliferation, viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and genetic expressions of type I collagen (COL I) and osteocalcin (OC), immediately and 7 days after PEMF exposure (days 0 and 7). Macrophage cell viability and NO concentration in the medium were monitored before and after PEMF exposure. The PEMF‐exposed co‐culture released a significantly higher amount of NO (65 µM) compared to control (17 µM) on day 7. Despite the high level of NO in the medium that was reported to be cytotoxic, PEMF‐exposed osteoblasts had enhanced cell proliferation (23%), viability (36%), and COL I mRNA expression (3.4‐fold) compared to the controls. The osteoblasts subjected to the PEMF had 41% less ALP activity than the control, which was associated with the active cell proliferation and COL I expression. The expression of OC mRNA was not seen in either the PEMF or control group, indicating cells had not entered the mineralization stage by day 7. Bioelectromagnetics 32:552–560, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

The anti-tumour activity of allogeneic cytokine-induced killer cells in patients who relapse after allogeneic transplant for haematological malignancies

“…3. This patient who was induced into marrow remission by chemotherapy after relapsing from UCBT had further chemotherapy consolidation with the HyperCVAD regimen, 25 followed by CIK expanded from his own leukapheresed mononuclear cells after achieving marrow remission. The culture under CIK condition paradoxically yielded 98.3% CD3 À CD56 þ NK cells from a starting subset of 10.3%.…”

Comparable long‐term outcomes after reduced‐intensity conditioning versus myeloablative conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation for adult high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in complete remission

“…Advances in the chemotherapeutic treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have resulted in complete remission (CR) rates in the range of 74-93%; however, only 35% of these patients achieve long-term disease-free survival (DFS) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Because a high incidence of relapse is the main cause of treatment failure in adults with ALL, the use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) as post-remission therapy has become a widely-accepted strategy.…”

Absence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression identifies a subset of high-risk adult T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

“…Complete remission can be achieved initially in over 90% of T-ALL/LBL patients, but a substantial subset of patients eventually develop relapsed disease. The 5-year overall survival for patients with T-ALL/LBL is over 80% in children 1 and B50% in adults, [2][3][4][5] with most relapses occurring within 2 years after initial remission. 4 Patients with relapsed T-ALL/LBL usually respond poorly to augmented salvage chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.…”