Long-term follow-up of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients by polymerase chain reaction analysis of multiple clonespecific or malignancy-specific gene markers

Investigation of Minimal Residual Disease in Childhood and Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia by Molecular Analysis

“…This problem has been encountered in <5% of cases studied (Biondi et al , 1992). To avoid false negative results caused by change in clonality there is agreement that multiple markers should be analysed simultaneously which results in a 96% success rate (Kuang et al , 1996; Van Dongen et al , 1998).…”

Detection and monitoring of clonality in peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders

“…[16][17][18] These relapses have been related to several factors, including cellular type, age, sex, corporal distribution and extension, MRD and evolution of the clonal population during the course of treatment. 19,20 The persistence of malignant clones, both during and after the induction treatment, has been strongly correlated with the risk of relapses and hence with the prognosis of these patients. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In most cases, relapse of the disease involves the same leukemic clone as the original disease.…”

Prognostic significance of bi/oligoclonality in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia as determined by polymerase chain reaction

“…Despite improvements in leukemia treatment, 20-30% of children still relapse. 12,17 The study of minimal residual disease for follow-up and early detection of relapses using consensus primers for CDR-3 has been used by several authors for establishing prognosis in such patients. 8,9,11,12,39,40 The presence of bi/ oligoclonality at diagnosis, as well as clonal evolution during the course of the disease, may be a problem in the detection and study of minimal residual disease using primers or probes for rearranged VH-D-JH.…”

“…12,17 The study of minimal residual disease for follow-up and early detection of relapses using consensus primers for CDR-3 has been used by several authors for establishing prognosis in such patients. 8,9,11,12,39,40 The presence of bi/ oligoclonality at diagnosis, as well as clonal evolution during the course of the disease, may be a problem in the detection and study of minimal residual disease using primers or probes for rearranged VH-D-JH. This is due to the possibility that smaller clones present at diagnosis may emerge as major clones in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients who suffer a relapse.…”

“…[1][2][3] These sequences can be amplified by polymerase chain reaction using consensus primers for the conserved regions that flank the CDR-3 of IgH [4][5][6][7] and can be used as clonal markers of B-lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia in minimal residual disease studies. 3,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The presence of oligoclonal populations in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been detected in a variable number of cases in studies by Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction and may be associated with a poorer prognosis for the disease. [17][18][19] Furthermore, the presence of more than one clone detected at diagnosis may strongly interfere with the detection of minimal residual disease.…”