Long-Term Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Mortality in a Cohort of More than a Million Adults in Rome

Cesaroni, Giulia; Badaloní, Chiara; Gariazzo, Claudio; Stafoggia, Massimo; Sozzi, Roberto; Davoli, Marina; Forastiére, Francesco

doi:10.1289/ehp.1205862

Cited by 435 publications

(342 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus, the data available for this meta-analysis do not provide the opportunity to further evaluate this assumption. However, alternatives to a linear exposure-response model have been considered in analyses of data from the ACS-CPS II (Pope et al 2002;Turner et al 2011), Harvard Six Cities (Lepeule et al 2012), Canadian National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance System (Hystad et al 2013), Rome Longitudinal (Cesaroni et al 2013), NHS (Puett et al 2014), and ESCAPE (Raaschou-Nielsen et al 2013) studies, which included categorical modeling and application of smoothing functions. All of these analyses concluded that there is no evidence of marked deviation from linearity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified 17 cohort studies Beeson et al 1998;Cao et al 2011;Carey et al 2013;Cesaroni et al 2013;Hales et al 2012;Hart et al 2011;Heinrich et al 2013;Jerrett et al 2013;Katanoda et al 2011;Krewski et al 2009;Lepeule et al 2012;Lipsett et al 2011;McDonnell et al 2000;Naess et al 2007;Pope et al 2002;Raaschou-Nielsen et al 2013) and one case-control study (Hystad et al 2013) of lung cancer that provided estimates of the quantitative relationships between the risk of lung cancer and exposure to PM 2.5 or PM 10 that could be expressed per 10-μg/m 3 change in PM. Estimates from one cohort study (Naess et al 2007) could not be converted to units of 10-μg/m 3 , and thus, this study did not contribute to the meta-estimates.…”

Section: Studies Includedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hamra¹,

Guha²,

Cohen³

et al. 2014

Environ Health Perspect

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246

243

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Background: Particulate matter (PM) in outdoor air pollution was recently designated a Group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This determination was based on the evidence regarding the relationship of PM 2.5 and PM 10 to lung cancer risk; however, the IARC evaluation did not include a quantitative summary of the evidence. oBjective: Our goal was to provide a systematic review and quantitative summary of the evidence regarding the relationship between PM and lung cancer. Methods: We conducted meta-analyses of studies examining the relationship of exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 with lung cancer incidence and mortality. In total, 18 studies met our inclusion criteria and provided the information necessary to estimate the change in lung cancer risk per 10-μg/m 3 increase in exposure to PM. We used random-effects analyses to allow between-study variability to contribute to meta-estimates. results: The meta-relative risk for lung cancer associated with PM 2.5 was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.14). The meta-relative risk of lung cancer associated with PM 10 was similar, but less precise: 1.08 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.17). Estimates were robust to restriction to studies that considered potential confounders, as well as subanalyses by exposure assessment method. Analyses by smoking status showed that lung cancer risk associated with PM 2.5 was greatest for former smokers [1.44 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.01)], followed by never-smokers [1.18 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.39)], and then current smokers

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies Includedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hamra¹,

Guha²,

Cohen³

et al. 2014

Environ Health Perspect

Self Cite

246

243

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Numerous epidemiologic studies have indicated that high concentrations of fine particle matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) are strongly associated with adverse health effects [1,2]. A number of studies show that PM 2.5 , originating from direct emission and secondary conversion, is a complex compound containing secondary sulfate (SO 4 2− ), ammonium (NH 4 + ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and other components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Satellite-Based SO42− and NH4+ Composition of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter over China Using Chemical Transport Model

Chen

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:Epidemiologic and health impact studies have examined the chemical composition of ambient PM 2.5 in China but have been constrained by the paucity of long-term ground measurements. Using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model and satellite-derived PM 2.5 data, sulfate and ammonium levels were estimated over China from 2004 to 2014. A comparison of the satellite-estimated dataset with model simulations based on ground measurements obtained from the literature indicated our results are more accurate. Using satellite-derived PM 2.5 data with a spatial resolution of 0.1 × 0.1 • , we further presented finer satellite-estimated sulfate and ammonium concentrations in anthropogenic polluted regions, including the NCP (the North China Plain), the SCB (the Sichuan Basin) and the PRD (the Pearl River Delta). Linear regression results obtained on a national scale yielded an r value of 0.62, NMB of −35.9%, NME of 48.2%, ARB_50% of 53.68% for sulfate and an r value of 0.63, slope of 0.67, and intercept of 5.14 for ammonium. In typical regions, the satellite-derived dataset was significantly robust. Based on the satellite-derived dataset, the spatial-temporal variation of 11-year annual average satellite-derived SO −0.61%; NH 4 + : −0.21%), large values were mainly concentrated in the NCP and SCB. For regions captured at a finer resolution, the inter-annual variation trends presented a positive trend over the periods 2004-2007 and 2008-2011, followed by a negative trend over the period 2012-2014, and sulfate concentrations varied appreciably. Moreover, the seasonal distributions of the 11-year satellite-derived dataset over China were presented. The distribution of both sulfate and ammonium concentrations exhibited seasonal characteristics, with the seasonal concentrations ranking as follows: winter > summer > autumn > spring. High concentrations of these species were concentrated in the NCP and SCB, originating from coal-fired power plants and agricultural activities, respectively. Efforts to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions have yielded remarkable results since the government has adopted stricter control measures in recent years. Moreover, ammonia emissions should be controlled while reducing the concentration of sulfur, nitrogen and particulate matter. This study provides an assessment of the population's exposure to certain chemical components.

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“…are determined to be associated with different health outcomes. Epidemiological studies have been conducted in various countries to investigate this relationship precisely (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Particulate matter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller (PM 2.5 ) is a part of particulate matter, but is able to enter the alveolar lung region, a place to exchange the blood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Gender-Specific Lung Cancer Deaths due to Exposure to PM2.5 in 10 Cities of Iran During 2013 - 2016: A Modeling Approach

et al. 2017

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Background: Various epidemiological studies have related fine particles (PM2.5) to incidence of lung cancer. In addition, particulate air pollution has been classified as Group 1 carcinogen by international agency for research on cancer (IARC) in 2013. Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the number of gender-specific lung cancer deaths due to exposure to PM2.5 among individuals aged over 30 years using WHO AirQ+ model in 10 cities of Iran during March 2013-March 2016. Methods: Hourly concentrations of PM2.5 were obtained from department of environment (DOE) of Iran and Tehran air quality control company (TAQCC). Demographic information and baseline incidence (BI) were acquired from statistical center of Iran, ministry of health and medical education, respectively. AirQ+ model was used to quantify the lung cancer deaths among males and females aged over 30 years. Results: The highest lung cancer deaths were in Tehran with approximately 407 cases of death during the whole three-year period. The total deaths among men and women in the whole period were 433 and 431 cases, respectively. The sum of lung cancer deaths due to PM2.5 exposure in all the 10 cities during these 3 years were estimated 864 cases. In addition, the attributable proportion of lung cancer due to PM2.5 exposure in each city was estimated. Despite the high number of lung cancer deaths in Tehran, higher AP values were observed in cities such as Isfahan, Ahvaz, Khoram Abad and Arak, reflecting the higher risk of death per unit of population. Conclusions:The results of this study could be used by authorities for making air pollution reduction strategies and plans. Furthermore, any reduction in attributed mortality and hospitalization reduces financial burden in health organizations.

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Long-Term Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Mortality in a Cohort of More than a Million Adults in Rome

Cited by 435 publications

References 28 publications

Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Estimation of Satellite-Based SO42− and NH4+ Composition of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter over China Using Chemical Transport Model

Estimation of Gender-Specific Lung Cancer Deaths due to Exposure to PM2.5 in 10 Cities of Iran During 2013 - 2016: A Modeling Approach

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