Long-Term Exposure of Eμ-<i>Pim1</i>Transgenic Mice to 898.4 MHz Microwaves does not Increase Lymphoma Incidence

Utteridge, Tammy D.; Gebski, Val; Finnie, John; Vernon‐Roberts, B.; Kuchel, Tim

doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0357:lteoep]2.0.co;2

Cited by 121 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…2001; Utteridge et al, 2002]. The absence of a detrimental effect on longevity in these studies provides evidence that low level RF exposure does not cause life shortening diseases and supports the weight-ofevidence that RF exposure does not affect carcinogenic processes.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

“…For example, RF exposure (1 h/day, 5 days/week) of mice up to 2 years at 0.25, 1, 2, and 4 W/kg has been recently reported to have no affect on survival [Utteridge et al, 2002]. In addition, four other studies reported no effect of low level RF exposure on survival of mice and rats exposed for shorter periods of 0.5-6 months [Santini et al, 1988;Chagnaud et al, 1999;Higashikubo et al, 1999;Jauchem et al, 2001].…”

Section: Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival and cancer in laboratory mammals exposed to radiofrequency energy

Elder

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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This article is a review of the effects of radiofrequency (RF) energy on (1) survival and (2) cancer in the same animal populations having survival data. The literature consisted of 18 studies with survival data, and 16 of these have information on cancer. In one study, a significant decrease in lifespan was observed at 6.8 W/kg but not at 2 W/kg. Thermal stress appears to be the causal factor for the effect on lifespan because the higher dose rate, unlike the lower dose rate, was estimated to increase body temperature significantly. The finding that the lower level was without effect is consistent with the results of a number of recent studies showing that long term, low level exposure to RF energy did not affect survival adversely. Many of these recent studies addressed the cancer issue by histopathological analysis of many organs and tissues following exposure up to 2 years, the average lifetime of rats and mice. Some investigations examined the effect of RF fields from mobile phones on brain cancer, including the progression of chemically induced brain cancer. The results demonstrate that RF exposure did not adversely affect cancer incidence at whole body specific absorption rates (SARs) 4 W/kg and brain SARs 2.3 W/kg. The weight-of-evidence of these 18 studies shows that long term, low level exposure to RF energy does not adversely affect survival and cancer in laboratory mammals. Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 6:S101-S106,

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supporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and cancer in laboratory mammals exposed to radiofrequency energy

Elder

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…On the other hand, Frei et al (1998) reported no effect on mammary cancer incidence in C3H/HeJ mice exposed to RF radiation at 1 W/kg for 1.5 years at 20 hour/day. The more recent report of Utteridge et al (2002) showed no induction of lymphoma in Eμ-Pim1 mice exposed to 0.25-4 W/kg for 2 years at a rate of 1 hour/day, 5 day/week.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Absence of Mutagenic Effects of 2.45 GHz Radiofrequency Exposure in Spleen, Liver, Brain, and Testis of lacZ-Transgenic Mouse Exposed in Utero

Ono

Saito

Komura

et al. 2004

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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A possible mutagenic effect of 2.45 GHz radiofrequency exposure was examined using lacZ-transgenic Muta TM mice. Pregnant animals were exposed intermittently at a whole-body averaged specific absorption rate of 0.71 W/kg (10 seconds on, 50 seconds off which is 4.3 W/kg during the 10 seconds exposure). Offspring that were exposed in utero for 16 hours a day, from the embryonic age of 0 to 15 days, were examined at 10 weeks of age. To minimize thermal effects, the exposure was given in repeated bursts of 10 seconds of exposure followed by 50 seconds of no exposure. Mutation frequencies at the lacZ gene in spleen, liver, brain, and testis were similar to those observed in non-exposed mice. Quality of mutation assessed by sequencing the nucleotides of mutant DNAs revealed no appreciable difference between exposed and non-exposed samples. The data suggest that the level of radiofrequency exposure studied is not mutagenic when administered in utero in short repeated bursts. radiofrequency field; fetal exposure; DNA alteration; mutation

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“…This restrained position is reported causing stress related changes in [17,20] and imposes constraints on behavior and brain development of the animals [21]. The study of long term effect in this condition is also not appropriate as no exposures per day and per week will be identical leading to serious comparative difficulties as reported in [16,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MICROWAVE EFFECT OF 0.9 GHz AND 1.8 GHz CW FREQUENCIES EXPOSED TO UNRESTRAINED SWISS ALBINO MICE

Usman

Ahmad

Kadir

et al. 2012

PIER B

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Abstract-Long term radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) exposures due to Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) frequencies were investigated in this study. 158 Swiss Albino mice in unrestrained conditions were used as surrogate and divided into four groups. The average peak field strength generated and measured inside the cages placed at a far field from the antennas is 0.6 × 10 −3 mW/cm 2 , and the specific absorption rate at 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz is 2.33 × 10 −3 W/kg and 1.97 × 10 −4 W/kg, respectively. Three samples of the mice chosen at random each from sham and exposed groups in week 4 and subsequently biweekly basis were taken for haematology and histopathology tests. The complete blood count result shows that haematological parameters of both the sham exposed and exposed mice were within the normal range of mice in the control group. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether differences observed between the experimental groups were significant. The histopathology examination on some internal organs shows that spleen and bone marrow of the mice were normal for all the three experimental groups, while a sign of tissue degeneration and inflammations were observed after 8 weeks of exposure on the brain,

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Long-Term Exposure of Eμ-Pim1Transgenic Mice to 898.4 MHz Microwaves does not Increase Lymphoma Incidence

Cited by 121 publications

References 17 publications

Survival and cancer in laboratory mammals exposed to radiofrequency energy

Survival and cancer in laboratory mammals exposed to radiofrequency energy

Absence of Mutagenic Effects of 2.45 GHz Radiofrequency Exposure in Spleen, Liver, Brain, and Testis of lacZ-Transgenic Mouse Exposed in Utero

MICROWAVE EFFECT OF 0.9 GHz AND 1.8 GHz CW FREQUENCIES EXPOSED TO UNRESTRAINED SWISS ALBINO MICE

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