Long-Term Elevated CO2 Exposure in a Chesapeake Bay Wetland: Ecosystem Gas Exchange, Primary Production, and Tissue Nitrogen

Drake, Bert G.; Peresta, Gary; Beugeling, Esther; Matamala, Roser

doi:10.1016/b978-012505295-5/50013-6

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In model ecosystems with tropical species including trees, NEC almost doubled under elevated CO 2 (Körner & Arnone 1992). Most of the few in situ experiments carried out in herbaceous plant communities revealed similar relative CO 2 stimulations as those reported for model forest ecosystems (Nijs, Impens & Behaeghe 1988;Drake & Leadley 1991;Wolfenden & Diggle 1995;Drake et al 1996;Stocker et al 1997). In a tussock tundra and alpine grassland, however, complete downward adjustment of the CO 2 flux had developed within the 3 or 4 years of exposure to elevated CO 2 (Oechel et al 1994;Körner et al 1997).…”

Section: Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchangementioning

confidence: 77%

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Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

et al. 1999

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1. We present data on the gas exchange of 32 Beech–Spruce model ecosystems including understorey species, which were planted on acidic or calcareous soil in 16 (half‐split) open‐top chambers in 1994 and were continuously exposed to the combinations of two CO2 concentrations and two wet nitrogen deposition rates for 3 years. 2. Instantaneous mid‐season net ecosystem carbon‐exchange rates (NEC) were determined during the day (11.00–16.00 h, NECd) and at night (22.00–02.00 h, NECn) with a mobile chamber in July 1996 and August 1997 for both soil types and, in addition, in August and September 1996 on acidic soil only. 3. Elevated CO2 increased NECd at all sampling dates on both soil types and under both N deposition rates. Increased nitrogen deposition stimulated NECd on acidic soil but not on calcareous soil, irrespective of the CO2 level. NECn was increased in elevated CO2 on both soil types (but more on the calcareous soil), but did not respond to increased nitrogen deposition in both years. The daytime instantaneous ecosystem evapotranspiration (ETd) was not significantly affected by the CO2 and nitrogen treatments at any sampling date. Year to year differences in NECn and ETd were small, but a doubling in NECd occurred throughout the observation period. 4. Elevated CO2 caused a small but significant increase in stem dry mass on calcareous soil only and increased nitrogen deposition stimulated stem biomass production on acidic soil only. Leaf area index was not affected by CO2, but was increased under high nitrogen deposition. 5. Our results suggest that nitrogen deposition and soil type are major co‐determinants of the carbon balance of forests in a future CO2‐rich world.

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Section: Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchangementioning

confidence: 77%

“…No response in ecosystem dark respiration under CO 2 enrichment were found in tussock tundra and alpine and calcareous grasslands (Grulke et al 1990;Diemer 1994;Stocker et al 1997) and Drake et al (1996) even found a reduction in NEC n in an esturian marshland exposed to elevated CO 2 .…”

Section: Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchangementioning

confidence: 97%

Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

et al. 1999

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“…First, carbon storage in wetlands may be altered by elevated CO 2 . A Maryland salt marsh exposed to experimentally doubled levels of CO 2 (with respect to ambient) since 1987 has responded with an increase in carbon storage, mainly below ground (Drake et al 1996). Because the marsh in this study is isolated from a number of geophysical and biogeochemical processes that affect soil aggregation on regional scales, it is uncertain whether these results can be applied regionally.…”

Section: Coastal Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…sedge Scirpus olneyi) at the expense of C4 species (e.g. grasses Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata) (Drake et al 1996). Thus, elevated CO 2 may change plant species composition in coastal marshes.…”

Section: Coastal Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A trend for higher levels of soil organic matter in Gulf-of-Mexico marshes compared to northern marshes (Callaway et al 1996) suggested that the net effect of regional warming will be to increase accretion rates. Also, the effect of elevated CO 2 on net ecosystem production increases with temperature by about 2%°C -1 (Drake et al 1996). Third, and last, if streamflow and streamflow variability increase [as a result of increases in precipitation and precipitation variability (Table 1)], then riverine inputs of sediments to marshes would likely increase.…”

Section: Coastal Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential impacts of climate change on the mid-Atlantic coastal region

Najjar¹,

Walker²,

Anderson³

et al. 2000

Clim. Res.

192

128

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This paper assesses the potential impacts of climate change on the mid-Atlantic coastal (MAC) region of the United States. In order of increasing uncertainty, it is projected that sea level, temperature and streamflow will increase in the MAC region in response to higher levels of atmospheric CO 2 . A case study for Delaware based on digital elevation models suggests that, by the end of the 21st century, 1.6% of its land area and 21% of its wetlands will be lost to an encroaching sea. Sea-level rise will also result in higher storm surges, causing 100 yr floods to occur 3 or 4 times more frequently by the end of the 21st century. Increased accretion in coastal wetlands, however, which may occur in response to increases in CO 2 , temperature, and streamflow, could mitigate some of the flooding effect of sea-level rise. Warming alone will result in northward displacements of some mobile estuarine species and will exacerbate the already low summer oxygen levels in mid-Atlantic estuaries because of increased oxygen demand and decreased oxygen solubility. Streamflow increases could substantially degrade water quality, with significant negative consequences for submerged aquatic vegetation and birds. Though climate change may have some positive impacts on the MAC region, such as increased coastal tourism due to warming and some ecological benefits from less-frequent harsh winters, most impacts are expected to be negative. Policies designed to minimize adverse ecological impacts of human activities on coastal ecosystems in the mid-Atlantic, such as decreases in nutrient loading of watersheds, could help mitigate some of the risks associated with future climate variability and change in this region.

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The Physiological Ecology of C4 Photosynthesis

Sage

Pearcy

2000

Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration

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Long-Term Elevated CO2 Exposure in a Chesapeake Bay Wetland: Ecosystem Gas Exchange, Primary Production, and Tissue Nitrogen

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

The potential impacts of climate change on the mid-Atlantic coastal region

The Physiological Ecology of C4 Photosynthesis

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Long-Term Elevated CO2 Exposure in a Chesapeake Bay Wetland: Ecosystem Gas Exchange, Primary Production, and Tissue Nitrogen

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO2 enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO2 enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

The potential impacts of climate change on the mid-Atlantic coastal region

The Physiological Ecology of C4 Photosynthesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition