Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

Maurer, Stefan; Egli, Philipp; Spinnler, Dieter; Körner, Christian

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00378.x

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our results indicated that ecosystem ET was independent of N addition rates, suggesting that ecosystem-level water flux in this grassland ecosystem may not be greatly affected by N addition. This is supported by some previous studies (Maurer et al 1999;St Clair et al 2009). These results suggest that water balance in this semi-arid grassland ecosystem may be mainly governed by solar radiation, wind and temperature other than soil nutrients.…”

Section: R E S P O N S E S O F E C O S Y S T E M W a T E R F L U X A supporting

confidence: 91%

Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes and water‐use efficiency to nitrogen addition in Inner Mongolia grassland

et al. 2015

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Summary1. Nitrogen (N) deposition is a continuous process and likely to affect ecosystem carbon (C) and water fluxes in a nonlinear way. However, experimental evidence is still lacking because most previous studies on these impacts usually used two discrete levels of N treatment. 2. By a 12-year, 6-level N addition experiment in Inner Mongolia grassland, we found that the responses of C fluxes, including net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), all exhibited nonlinear patterns with increasing N addition rate while that of evapotranspiration did not significantly change. As a result, the response of ecosystem water-use efficiency (EWUE) followed a similar pattern with NEE. 3. These N-induced changes in C fluxes were greatly affected by the distribution of precipitation among different stages of growing seasons and mainly driven by the alterations in biomass production rather than soil temperature and soil moisture. 4. This study highlights the importance of the nonlinearity of N addition impacts on ecosystem C fluxes, which should be incorporated into the global-C-cycling models for better predicting future C balance. Our results also have implications for the use of fertilization in restoring the degraded grasslands given that N addition can promote biomass production and ecosystem C uptake without additional water evapotranspiration but also change ecosystem composition.

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Section: R E S P O N S E S O F E C O S Y S T E M W a T E R F L U X A supporting

confidence: 91%

Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes and water‐use efficiency to nitrogen addition in Inner Mongolia grassland

et al. 2015

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“…This is supported by a greater mineralization of native C in the calcareous sand (Fig. 3) and by a 50% increase in respiration measured by the nightly CO 2 efflux (Maurer et al . 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Carbon sequestration in forest soils: effects of soil type, atmospheric CO₂ enrichment, and N deposition

Hagedorn

Maurer

Egli

et al. 2001

European J Soil Science

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Summary Soil contains the major part of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, but the response of this carbon to enriching the atmosphere in CO2 and to increased N deposition is not completely understood. We studied the effects of CO2 concentrations at 370 and 570 μmol CO2 mol−1 air and increased N deposition (7 against 0.7 g N m−2 year−1) on the dynamics of soil organic C in two types of forest soil in model ecosystems with spruce and beech established in large open‐top chambers containing an acidic loam and a calcareous sand. The added CO2 was depleted in 13C and thus the net input of new C into soil organic carbon and the mineralization of native C could be quantified. Soil type was the greatest determining factor in carbon dynamics. After 4 years, the net input of new C in the acidic loam (670 ± 30 g C m−2) exceeded that in the calcareous sand (340 ± 40 g C m−2) although the soil produced less biomass. The mineralization of native organic C accounted for 700 ± 90 g C m−2 in the acidic loam and for 2800 ± 170 g C m−2 in the calcareous sand. Unfavourable conditions for mineralization and a greater physico‐chemical protection of C by clay and oxides in the acidic loam are probably the main reasons for these differences. The organic C content of the acidic loam was 230 g C m−2 more under the large than under the small N treatment. As suggested by a negligible impact of N inputs on the fraction of new C in the acidic loam, this increase resulted mainly from a suppressed mineralization of native C. In the calcareous sand, N deposition did not influence C concentrations. The impacts of CO2 enrichment on C concentrations were small. In the uppermost 10 cm of the acidic loam, larger CO2 concentrations increased C contents by 50–170 g C m−2. Below 10 cm depth in the acidic loam and at all soil depths in the calcareous sand, CO2 concentrations had no significant impact on soil C concentrations. Up to 40% of the ‘new’ carbon of the acidic loam was found in the coarse sand fraction, which accounted for only 7% of the total soil volume. This suggests that a large part of the CO2‐derived ‘new’ C was incorporated into the labile and easily mineralizable pool in the soil.

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“…Photosynthetic rates in our model communities were increased in elevated CO 2 both at the leaf and canopy level (Egli et al 1998;Maurer et al 1999), but Egli et al (1998Egli et al ( , 2001 also detected partial downward adjustment of photosynthesis throughout the experiment. This effect was more pronounced on the nutrient-poor acidic soil and stronger for Fagus than for Picea.…”

Section: Temporal Patterns In Tree Growthmentioning

confidence: 71%

Four-year growth dynamics of beech-spruce model ecosystems under CO2 enrichment on two different forest soils

Spinnler

Egli

Körner

2002

Trees

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To elucidate how atmospheric CO 2 enrichment, enhanced nutrient supply and soil quality interact to affect regrowth of temperate forests, young Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies trees were grown together in large model ecosystems. Identical communities were established on a nutrient-poor acidic and on a more fertile calcareous soil and tree growth, leaf area index, fine root density and soil respiration monitored over four complete growing seasons. Biomass responses to CO 2 enrichment and enhanced N supply at the end of the experiment reflected compound interest effects of growth stimulation during the first two to three seasons rather than persistent stimulation over the whole duration of the experiment. Whereas biomass of Picea was enhanced in elevated CO 2 on both soils, Fagus responded negatively to CO 2 on acidic but positively on calcareous soil. Biomass of both species profited from enhanced N supply on the poor acidic soil only. Leaf area index on both soils was greater in high N supply as a consequence of a stimulation early in the experiment, but was unaffected by CO 2 enrichment. Fine root density on acidic soil was increased in high N supply, but this did not stimulate soil respiration rate. In contrast, elevated CO 2 stimulated both fine root density and soil CO 2 efflux on calcareous soil, especially towards the end of the experiment. Our experiment suggests that future species dominance in beech-spruce forests is likely to change in response to CO 2 enrichment, but this response is subject to complex interactions with environmental factors other than CO 2 , particularly soil type.

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Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes and water‐use efficiency to nitrogen addition in Inner Mongolia grassland

Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes and water‐use efficiency to nitrogen addition in Inner Mongolia grassland

Carbon sequestration in forest soils: effects of soil type, atmospheric CO₂ enrichment, and N deposition

Four-year growth dynamics of beech-spruce model ecosystems under CO2 enrichment on two different forest soils

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Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO2 enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes and water‐use efficiency to nitrogen addition in Inner Mongolia grassland

Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes and water‐use efficiency to nitrogen addition in Inner Mongolia grassland

Carbon sequestration in forest soils: effects of soil type, atmospheric CO2 enrichment, and N deposition

Four-year growth dynamics of beech-spruce model ecosystems under CO2 enrichment on two different forest soils

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Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

Carbon sequestration in forest soils: effects of soil type, atmospheric CO₂ enrichment, and N deposition