Long-Term Effects of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) on Milk Quality and Hepatic Gene Expression in Lactating Goats Fed a High-Concentrate Diet

Dong, Haibo; Wang, Shaoqing; Jia, Yuanyuan; Ni, Yingdong; Zhang, Yuanshu; Zhuang, Songlin; Shen, Xiang; Zhao, Ruqian

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082850

Cited by 78 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…Significantly lower ruminal pH was observed in HC goats compared with LC goats, which was accompanied with greater VFA concentrations in ruminal fluids. These results were consistent with our previous studies (Dong et al, 2013;Jia et al, 2014;Tao et al, 2014;Tao et al, 2015). In those studies SARA were experimentally induced by feeding 65% concentrate diet for 2 months.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As a consequence, the ruminant microbial ecology and systemic metabolic state will change because of the rapid fermentation and subsequent excessive organic acids accumulation, and such animals are likely to suffer metabolic disorders such as acidosis, fatty liver, laminitis and even systemic inflammation (Alegre et al, 1988;Kleen et al, 2003;Plaizier et al, 2008;Dong et al, 2011;Tao et al, 2014). Our previous studies also showed that long-term feeding of a 65% high concentrate (HC) diet to lactating dairy goats led to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and disruptions of mucosal barrier in the hindgut (Dong et al, 2013;Tao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in milk performance and hepatic metabolism in mid-lactating dairy goats after being fed a high concentrate diet for 10 weeks

Dong

Sun

Cong

et al. 2017

Animal

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Feeding a high concentrate (HC) diet is a widely used strategy for supporting high milk yields, yet it may cause certain metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the changes in milk production and hepatic metabolism in goats fed different proportions of concentrate in the diet for 10 weeks. In total, 12 mid-lactating goats were randomly assigned to an HC diet (65% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6) or a low concentrate (LC) diet (35% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6). Compared with LC, HC goats produced greater amounts of volatile fatty acids and produced more milk and milk lactose, fat and protein ( P < 0.01). HC goats showed a greater concentration of ATP, NAD, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and hepatic triglycerides than LC goats ( P < 0.05). Real-time PCR results showed that messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of gluconeogenic genes, namely, glucose-6-phosphatase, pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were significantly up-regulated and accompanied greater gluconeogenic enzyme activities in the liver of HC goats. Moreover, the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes including sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 1c, fatty acid synthase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase mRNA was also up-regulated by the HC diet ( P < 0.05). HC goats had greater hepatic phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase than LC ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, histone-3-lysine-27-acetylation contributed to this elevation of gluconeogenic gene expression. These results indicate that lactating goats fed an HC diet for 10 weeks produced more milk, which was associated with up-regulated gene expression and enzyme activities involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis.Keywords: milk performance, gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, high concentrate diet, lactating dairy goats ImplicationsFeeding a high concentrate diet to ruminants is a common strategy for maintaining high milk yields. Unfortunately, there is a strong correlation between the amount of concentrate feeding and the occurrence of acidosis and fatty liver in practice, which will decrease animal welfare and result in significant economic losses. As the vital metabolic organ, the liver is responsible for nutrient partitioning and contributes to the input of substrate precursors to the mammary gland for milk production. Therefore, it is important to investigate changes of hepatic metabolism in lactating ruminants fed a high concentrate diet, which will help elucidate the internal mechanism behind these metabolic changes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in milk performance and hepatic metabolism in mid-lactating dairy goats after being fed a high concentrate diet for 10 weeks

Dong

Sun

Cong

et al. 2017

Animal

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“…It was shown previously that the LPS concentrations in both ruminal contents and blood increased after 21% dry matter in the control diet with a concentrate to roughage ratio of 50∶50 was replaced with a grain mixture comprised of 50% ground wheat and 50% ground barley [15]. The presence of LPS in the blood of dairy cows and goats fed diets containing a high proportion of concentrate was also reported in several studies [29] [30] [31]. Therefore, the lower histone H3 acetylation in the mammary tissue of cows fed the HCS diet can be attributed to the increased entry of LPS into the mammary tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Feeding a High-Concentrate Corn Straw Diet Induced Epigenetic Alterations in the Mammary Tissue of Dairy Cows

Dong

Qiu

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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PurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding a high-concentrate corn straw (HCS) diet (65% concentrate+35% corn straw) on the epigenetic changes in the mammary tissue of dairy cows in comparison with a low-concentrate corn straw (LCS) diet (46% concentrate+54% corn straw) and with a low-concentrate mixed forage (LMF) diet (46% concentrate+54% mixed forage).Experimental DesignMultiparous mid-lactation Chinese Holstein cows were fed one of these three diets for 6 weeks, at which time blood samples and mammary tissue samples were collected. Mammary arterial and venous blood samples were analyzed for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations while mammary tissue samples were assayed for histone H3 acetylation and the methylation of specific genes associated with fat and protein synthesis.ResultsExtraction of histones and quantification of histone H3 acetylation revealed that acetylation was significantly reduced in cows fed the HCS diet, as compared with cows fed the LCS diet. Cows fed the HCS diet had significantly higher LPS concentrations in the mammary arterial blood, as compared with cows fed the LCS diet. We found that the extent of histone H3 acetylation was negatively correlated with LPS concentrations. The methylation of the stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase gene associated with milk fat synthesis was increased in cows fed the HCS diet. By contrast, methylation of the gene encoding the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A was reduced in cows fed the HCS diet, suggesting that feeding a high-concentrate corn straw diet may alter the methylation of specific genes involved in fat and protein synthesis in the mammary tissue of dairy cows.ConclusionsFeeding the high-concentrate diet induced epigenetic changes in the mammary tissues of dairy cows, possibly through effecting the release of differing amounts of LPS into the mammary blood.

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“…These findings were in agreement with Dong et al, (2013); also these results were confirmed by Bipin et al (2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological and Diagnostic Studies on Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cows

Nasr¹,

Elkhodary²,

Beder³

et al. 2017

AJVS

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Key words:SARA, Dairy cows, Ultrasonography, Liver function Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has a serious effect on both animal health and final herd profitability. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of SARA in Egyptian dairy herds and the associated risk factors. Moreover, ultrasonographic and biochemical investigation on such disease were also attempted. A total of 80 dairy cows were selected randomly from eight herds raised in El-Behara province. For each cow, clinical examination, rumenocentesis and ultrasonographic examination of liver were carried out. Questionnaire was constructed to evaluate the risk factors of SARA. The prevalence of SARA-positive cow and SARA-marginal cows were 26.25% and 13.75%, respectively. The pH of ruminal fluid in SARA-positive and SARA-marginal cows was 5.29±0.027 and 5.68±0.018 respectively The risk factors include feeding on finely ground concentrates, neglecting application of exogenous buffer as sodium bicarbonate, neglecting yeast mixing with ration, mixing ground bread and beet tops with feed as well as absence of roughages incorporation. A significant hypo-albuminemia (p<0.05) and a significant increase in the activity of AST, ALT and GGT were recorded in SARA-positive cows (p< 0. 05). The results of the present study indicate that SARA is a common problem in dairy herds in El-Behera. Risk factors associated with such disease should be avoided to construct the ideal methods for prevention. Liver function in suspected cases should be monitored to avoid deterioration of the condition.

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Long-Term Effects of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) on Milk Quality and Hepatic Gene Expression in Lactating Goats Fed a High-Concentrate Diet

Cited by 78 publications

References 54 publications

Changes in milk performance and hepatic metabolism in mid-lactating dairy goats after being fed a high concentrate diet for 10 weeks

Changes in milk performance and hepatic metabolism in mid-lactating dairy goats after being fed a high concentrate diet for 10 weeks

Feeding a High-Concentrate Corn Straw Diet Induced Epigenetic Alterations in the Mammary Tissue of Dairy Cows

Epidemiological and Diagnostic Studies on Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cows

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