Feeding a High-Concentrate Corn Straw Diet Induced Epigenetic Alterations in the Mammary Tissue of Dairy Cows

Dong, Guozhong; Qiu, Min; Ao, Changjin; Zhou, Jun; Khas-Erdene,; Wang, Xi; Zhu, Zhaohui; You, Yu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107659

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As a matter of fact, low ruminal pH values led to the lysis of gram-negative bacteria which released LPS into the blood circulation [31, 35]. Consistent with previous studies in dairy cows and feedlot, our results presented higher concentrations of LPS in the peripheral plasma (860 EU/mL) and ruminal fluid (79040 EU/mL) of cows fed a high concentrate die trelative to the peripheral plasma of the LC group [14, 36]. Moreover, we also found that high concentrate diet feeding increased the plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Lipopolysaccharide derived from the digestive tract triggers an inflammatory response in the uterus of mid-lactating dairy cows during SARA

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe aims of the current study were to evaluate the inflammatory response in cow uterus and to explore the molecular mechanism triggered by high concentrate-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in mid-lactating dairy cows. Twelve mid-lactating Holstein cows with an average weight of 455 kg were allocated into two groups subjected to two diets for 18-weeks either a low-concentrate (LC) group containing 4:6 (NDF: NFC) and a high-concentrate (HC) group containing 6:4 (non-forage carbohydrates, NFC): (neutral detergent fiber, NDF) ratio based on dry matter.ResultsThe HC group showed lower ruminal pH and higher lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in both the rumen and peripheral plasma compared to the LC group. The LPS concentrations in the rumen fluid and the peripheral plasma were found significantly increased in the HC group compared to the LC group. The concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in the HC group compared to the LC group. The uterus of SARA cows revealed elevated mRNA concentrations of nuclear transcription factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which confirmed the presence of inflammation. The occurrence of uterine inflammation was further validated by the increased protein expression of NF-κB-p65 and its active phosphorylated variant in the uterus of SARA cows. Similarly, the inflammatory genes TLR4, LBP, MyD88, TRAF-6, NF-κB, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly upregulated in the uterus of the HC versus the LC group.ConclusionTherefore, the results indicated that LPS derived from the rumen triggered the genes associated with inflammation in the uterus of mid-lactating dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet, causing endometritis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Lipopolysaccharide derived from the digestive tract triggers an inflammatory response in the uterus of mid-lactating dairy cows during SARA

et al. 2016

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“…In addition, overproduction of pro-in ammatory cytokines activated the apoptosis pathway and induced mammary cell apoptosis in lactating cows [32] . Increased amounts of LPS induced by SARA also affect the milk fat and milk protein by enhancing the methylation of genes relevant to fat synthesis and inhibiting the expression of methylation of genes associated with protein synthesis [33,34] . We found that the level of LPS in rumen uid, jugular vein, lacteal vein, milk, and mammary gland all increased in SARA cows, and the content of LPS was higher in mammary gland and milk than in the jugular vein and lacteal vein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation and mechanism between rumen microbiota disturbance and mastitis in dairy cows

Hu¹,

Guo²,

Mu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Mastitis, which is a highly prevalent disease in dairy cows and economically costly to the dairy industry worldwide, is commonly believed to be caused by local infection of the mammary gland. Recently, studies have suggested that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of cow mastitis, yet the mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to mastitis remain unclear. This study assessed the effects and mechanisms of rumen microbiota on mastitis based on the subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) model induced by feeding a high-concentration diet (HCD) to Holstein cows . Results: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-derived from the rumen translocated into the blood and then accumulated in the mammary glands by damaging the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and induced an inflammatory response in the mammary glands of SARA cows. Furthermore, elevation of the abundance of Stenotrophomonas was one of the endogenous factors to induce mastitis during cows suffering SARA. Finally, we found that rumen microbiota imbalance induced by SARA resulted in increased severity to mastitis by inhibiting the clearance of pathogens from the mammary glands in SARA cows. Conclusions: This study identifies rumen microbiota dysbiosis and LPS translocation from the rumen to the mammary gland as important factors to induce mastitis in cows. In addition, rumen microbiota imbalance increased mastitis susceptibility by inhibiting the ability of the mammary glands to clear out pathogens. Our studies provide a basis for novel therapeutic strategies that exploit the gut microbiota in cow mastitis.

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“…In accordance to the milk protein concentration, the differences between the cows that were infused LPS compared with the cows that were infused PLA were longer pronounced in SARA-LPS cows compared with CON-LPS. A possible reason might be that SARA-cows were already subjected to LPS, which might have been translocated from the gastrointestinal tract to the mammary gland (Dong et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SARA has been associated with the initiation of a chain of metabolic and microbial alterations and dysbiosis in the rumen (Khafipour et al, 2009;Steele et al, 2011), which are implicated in multiple metabolic health disorders in dairy cows. For example, research has shown that cows experiencing SARA are more susceptible to laminitis (Nocek, 1997), metabolic disturbances and inflammation (Plaizier et al, 2008;Zebeli et al, 2011), milk fat depression syndrome (Zebeli and Ametaj, 2009;Dong et al, 2014), liver abscesses and displaced abomasum, and that these cows suffer often from off-feed and ketosis (Kleen et al, 2003;Plaizier et al, 2008;Zebeli et al, 2015). Thus, cows experiencing SARA might be more susceptible to external infectious stimuli such as those occurring during acute mastitis challenge compared with cows that did not experience SARA conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide negatively affects feed intake, chewing, and clinical variables, but some effects are stronger in cows experiencing subacute rumen acidosis

Aditya

Humer

Pourazad

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Feeding high-grain diets increases the risk of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) and adversely affects rumen health. This condition might impair the responsiveness of cows when they are exposed to external infectious stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The main objective of this study was to evaluate various responses to intramammary LPS infusion in healthy dairy cows and those experimentally subjected to SARA. Eighteen early-lactating Simmental cows were subjected to SARA (n = 12) or control (CON; n = 6) feeding conditions. Cows of the control group received a diet containing 40% concentrates (DM basis) throughout the experiment. The intermittent SARA feeding regimen consisted in feeding the cows a ration with 60% concentrate (DM basis) for 32 d, consisting of a first SARA induction for 8 d, switched to the CON diet for 7 d, and re-induction during the last 17 d. On d 30 of the experiment, 6 SARA (SARA-LPS) and 6 CON (CON-LPS) cows were intramammary challenged once with a single dose of 50 μg of LPS from Escherichia coli (O26:B6), whereas the other 6 SARA cows (SARA-PLA) received 10 mL of sterile saline solution as placebo. To confirm the induction of SARA, the reticular pH was continuously monitored via wireless pH probes. The DMI remained unchanged between SARA and CON cows during the feeding experiment, but was reduced in both treatment groups receiving the LPS infusion compared with SARA-PLA, whereby a significant decline was observed for cows of the SARA-LPS treatment (-38%) compared with CON-LPS (-19%). The LPS infusion did not affect the reticuloruminal pH dynamics, but significantly enhanced ruminal temperature and negatively affected chewing behavior. The ruminal temperature increased after the LPS infusion and peaked about 1 h earlier in SARA-LPS cows compared with the cows of the CON-LPS treatment. Moreover, a significant decline in milk yield was found in SARA-LPS compared with CON-LPS following the LPS infusion. Cows receiving LPS had elevated somatic cell counts, protein, and fat contents in milk as well as decreased lactose contents and pH following the LPS infusion, whereby the changes in milk constituents were more pronounced in SARA-LPS than CON-LPS cows. Rectal temperature and pulse rate were highest 6 h after LPS infusion, but rumen contractions were not affected by the LPS infusion. The data suggest that a single intramammary LPS infusion induced fever and negatively affected feed intake, chewing activity, rectal temperature, and milk yield and composition, whereby these effects were more pronounced in SARA cows.

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Feeding a High-Concentrate Corn Straw Diet Induced Epigenetic Alterations in the Mammary Tissue of Dairy Cows

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

Lipopolysaccharide derived from the digestive tract triggers an inflammatory response in the uterus of mid-lactating dairy cows during SARA

Lipopolysaccharide derived from the digestive tract triggers an inflammatory response in the uterus of mid-lactating dairy cows during SARA

The correlation and mechanism between rumen microbiota disturbance and mastitis in dairy cows

Intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide negatively affects feed intake, chewing, and clinical variables, but some effects are stronger in cows experiencing subacute rumen acidosis

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