Intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide negatively affects feed intake, chewing, and clinical variables, but some effects are stronger in cows experiencing subacute rumen acidosis

Aditya, S.; Humer, Elke; Pourazad, P.; Khiaosa‐ard, Ratchaneewan; Huber, Johann; Zebeli, Qendrim

doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11796

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, milk constituent analysis showed that challenged S. aureus led to a reduction in the content of milk fat, lactose and dry matter, and increase the content of milk protein after S. aureus infusion, where some changes in milk constituents were more pronounced in SARA-positive than SARAnegative cows. The result was similar to that reported by S. Aditya [43] . Bovine mastitis is often caused by infection with environmental pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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The correlation and mechanism between rumen microbiota disturbance and mastitis in dairy cows

Hu¹,

Guo²,

Mu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Mastitis, which is a highly prevalent disease in dairy cows and economically costly to the dairy industry worldwide, is commonly believed to be caused by local infection of the mammary gland. Recently, studies have suggested that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of cow mastitis, yet the mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to mastitis remain unclear. This study assessed the effects and mechanisms of rumen microbiota on mastitis based on the subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) model induced by feeding a high-concentration diet (HCD) to Holstein cows . Results: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-derived from the rumen translocated into the blood and then accumulated in the mammary glands by damaging the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and induced an inflammatory response in the mammary glands of SARA cows. Furthermore, elevation of the abundance of Stenotrophomonas was one of the endogenous factors to induce mastitis during cows suffering SARA. Finally, we found that rumen microbiota imbalance induced by SARA resulted in increased severity to mastitis by inhibiting the clearance of pathogens from the mammary glands in SARA cows. Conclusions: This study identifies rumen microbiota dysbiosis and LPS translocation from the rumen to the mammary gland as important factors to induce mastitis in cows. In addition, rumen microbiota imbalance increased mastitis susceptibility by inhibiting the ability of the mammary glands to clear out pathogens. Our studies provide a basis for novel therapeutic strategies that exploit the gut microbiota in cow mastitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Infusion with S. aureus induced a strong increase in SCC, and the number of SCC in SARA-positive cows was slightly higher than the SCC in SARA-negative cows. S. Aditya et al, showed no difference in the levels of SCC in control and SARA cows after mammary gland infusion of LPS [43] . In addition, the P.N.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The correlation and mechanism between rumen microbiota disturbance and mastitis in dairy cows

Hu¹,

Guo²,

Mu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Taken together, our findings suggest that histamine induces the inflammatory response of bovine rumen epithelial cells through the NF-κB pathway, which provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of rumenitis in SARA cows. Furthermore, there are substantial amounts of inflammatory inducers, including volatile fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide, also produced in the rumen of SARA cows, which induces rumen inflammation that may further mediate the development of SARA [18,32]. Therefore, it will be interesting to explore the specific role of these inflammatory inducers in the development of SARA in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histamine Induces Bovine Rumen Epithelial Cell Inflammatory Response via NF-κB Pathway

Sun

Xue

Chen

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

103

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Background/Aims: Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common disease in highproducing lactating cows. Rumenitis is the initial insult of SARA and is associated with the high concentrations of histamine produced in the rumen of dairy cows during SARA. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The objective of the current study is to investigate whether histamine induces inflammation of rumen epithelial cells and the underlying mechanism of this process. Methods: Bovine rumen epithelial cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of histamine and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor) cultured in different pH medium (pH 7.2 or 5.5). qRT-PCR, Western-blotting, ELISA and immunocytofluorescence were used to evaluate whether histamine activated the NF-κB pathway and inflammatory cytokines. Results: The results showed that histamine significantly increased the activity of IKK β and the phosphorylation levels of IκB α, as well as upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 in the rumen epithelial cells cultured in neutral (pH=7.2) and acidic (pH=5.5) medium. Furthermore, histamine treatment also significantly increased the transcriptional activity of NF-κB p65. High expression and transcriptional activity of NF-κB p65 significantly increased the mRNA expressions and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), thereby inducing the inflammatory response in bovine rumen epithelial cells. However, inhibition of NF-κB p65 by PDTC significantly decreased the expressions and concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines induced by histamine in the rumen epithelial cells cultured in the neutral and acidic medium. Conclusion: The present data indicate that histamine induces the inflammatory response of bovine rumen epithelial cells through the NF-κB pathway.X. Sun and X Yuan contributed equally to this study.

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“…The rationale behind using ruminal temperature as an indicator of SARA is that, during intensive fermentation phases, significant amounts of heat are produced in parallel to SCFA accumulation and pH drop. On the other hand, ruminal temperature is tightly related to overall body temperature, too (Aditya et al., ). Studies conducted by AlZahal et al.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Ruminal Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Signals for identifying cows at risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy veterinary practice

Humer

Aschenbach

Neubauer

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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SummaryControlling rumen disorders is critical to ensure successful dairy herd health management. Lactation diets of dairy cows are commonly rich in concentrates and low in physically effective fibre. Feeding of these diets increases the risk of rumen disorders with far-reaching consequences for cattle health, welfare and sustainability of dairy production. The term subacute ruminal acidosis or SARA is often used as a synonym for poor rumen health. Being subclinical, SARA lacks of clear symptoms and is therefore difficult to diagnose and to control in the practice. This review article summarises common and identifies new direct and indirect cow signals related to SARA. We have performed a scientific evaluation and interpretation of each of these cow signals by highlighting their advantages and disadvantages from the practitioner's point of view.The gold standard of SARA cow signals still remains direct measurement of ruminal pH. However, continuous pH monitoring is cost-intensive and often biased by sensor drift. Single-point ruminal pH measurements by oral stomach tubing or rumenocentesis have strong limitations. Therefore, there is a need for reliable and robust markers of SARA that are easily accessible and inexpensive. Such indirect parameters are the observation of chewing and feeding activities, as well as the monitoring of milk, faecal, urine and blood variables. Also, novel technologies that allow rapid and non-invasive measurement of the rumen mucosa thickness and ruminal motility patterns might provide advantages in SARA diagnosis. Due to several constraints of these indirect diagnostic tools, such as limited specificity and sensitivity, we strongly recommend using a combination of the signals to reliably identify cows at risk of SARA in a dairy herd. K E Y W O R D Sdairy cow, diagnosis, ruminal pH, subacute ruminal acidosis | INTRODUCTIONA common practice to meet the high nutritional requirements of dairy cows during early and mid-lactation is the inclusion of large quantities of concentrate in the diet. The inclusion of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates generates large amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) within a short time after ingestion, which can cause a decline in ruminal pH when their production surpasses the absorptive, buffering and outflow capacity of the rumen (Aschenbach, Penner, Stumpff, & Gäbel, 2011). This increase in energy-dense feeds occurs at the expense of fibre-rich forages, impairing digesta stratification and providing fewer stimuli for chewing, thus lowering salivary buffer supply, motility of rumen walls and ruminal mixing (Allen, 1997;. This cascade of events can lead to long and frequent ruminal pH depression with negative effect on rumen health, a condition commonly termed subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) (Plaizier, Khafipour, | 381 HUMER Et al.Li, . Although there is not yet a consensus on the definition of SARA, it is generally agreed that SARA occurs when the ruminal pH is lower than 5.5-5.8 for several hours a day (Plaizier, Krause, Gozho, & McBride, 2008;Zebeli &...

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Intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide negatively affects feed intake, chewing, and clinical variables, but some effects are stronger in cows experiencing subacute rumen acidosis

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

The correlation and mechanism between rumen microbiota disturbance and mastitis in dairy cows

The correlation and mechanism between rumen microbiota disturbance and mastitis in dairy cows

Histamine Induces Bovine Rumen Epithelial Cell Inflammatory Response via NF-κB Pathway

Signals for identifying cows at risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy veterinary practice

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