Long term effects of smoking on physical fitness and lung function: a longitudinal study of 1393 middle aged Norwegian men for seven years

Sandvik, Leiv; Erikssen, Gunnar; Thaulow, Erik

doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7007.715

Cited by 71 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Some of the risk factors are modifiable through interventions, such as physical fitness, smoking and serum cholesterol. Lung function is not modifiable by training or interventions; however, smoking cessation [46] can influence the rate of decline and, hence, lead to a reduction in mortality [47]. Findings of higher levels of inflammatory markers among persons with lower lung functions indicate that another possible mechanism for increased coronary heart disease could be through a systemic inflammatory response [17,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung function, smoking and mortality in a 26-year follow-up of healthy middle-aged males

Stavem¹

2005

European Respiratory Journal

117

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Lung function has been associated with mortality after adjusting for other risk factors; however, few studies have adjusted for physical fitness and reported separate analyses according to smoking status.In 1972-1975, spirometry, clinical and physiological parameters were recorded in 1,623 apparently healthy males aged 40-59 yrs. After 26 yrs of follow-up, the current authors investigated the association between baseline lung function and mortality, adjusting for smoking, physical fitness and other potential factors.By 2000, 615 individuals (38%) had died, with 308 (50%) of these deaths from cardiovascular (CV) causes. Forced expiratory volume in one second was a predictor of all-cause mortality (risk ratio (RR) 1.10 per reduction of 10%) after adjusting for smoking, physical fitness, age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index and serum cholesterol. The corresponding multivariate RR was 1.07 for CV causes and 1.34 for respiratory death.In conclusion, in stratified analyses among current and former smokers, forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted was a strong independent predictor of all-cause mortality and respiratory death among current smokers. Forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted was not associated with mortality among never-smokers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung function, smoking and mortality in a 26-year follow-up of healthy middle-aged males

Stavem¹

2005

European Respiratory Journal

117

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“…8,9,10,11,12,13 Progressive decrease in FVC (P<.001) with decrease in ventilatory capacities were observed in smokers than that of nonsmokers 8 . Forced expiratory volumes were declined considerably among smokers than nonsmokers 9 . FVC were lowered in smokers, living heavily polluted areas 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Study of FVC,FEV1 & FEV1/FVC% in adult male smokers

et al. 2015

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“…Rotstein et al [19] also reported that smoking retards physiological responses to submaximal exercise immediately after smoking three cigarettes. In a longitudinal analysis, Sandvik et al [20] showed that decline in physical fitness and lung function was greater among smokers than that among nonsmokers among 1,393 men over 7 years. In this study, we solely evaluated the relationship between cigarette smoking and aerobic exercise level defined by VT in the Japanese.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between cigarette smoking and ventilatory threshold in the Japanese

Miyatake

Numata

Nishii³

et al. 2010

Environ Health Prev Med

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The link between cigarette smoking and ventilatory threshold (VT) was investigated. We used data for 407 men and 418 women not taking medication. Habits of cigarette smoking were obtained through interviews by well-trained staff. The influence of cigarette smoking on oxygen uptake, work rate, and heart rate at VT was evaluated. Oxygen uptake at VT in women and work rate at VT in men with cigarette smoking were significantly lower than in subjects without cigarette smoking after adjusting for age. The differences of parameters at VT did not reach significant levels after adjusting for age and exercise habits in both sexes. However, in women without exercise habits, there was significant difference of oxygen uptake at VT between women with and without cigarette smoking after adjusting for age [cigarette smoking (?): 11.5 ± 1.8 ml/ kg/min, cigarette smoking (-): 12.4 ± 2.1 ml/kg/min, p = 0.0006]. The number of cigarettes smoked per day and the Brinkman Index were not clearly correlated with oxygen uptake at VT. A combination of promoting exercise habits and prohibiting cigarette smoking might be recommended for improving the aerobic exercise level, especially in women.

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Long term effects of smoking on physical fitness and lung function: a longitudinal study of 1393 middle aged Norwegian men for seven years

Cited by 71 publications

References 24 publications

Lung function, smoking and mortality in a 26-year follow-up of healthy middle-aged males

Lung function, smoking and mortality in a 26-year follow-up of healthy middle-aged males

Study of FVC,FEV1 & FEV1/FVC% in adult male smokers

Relation between cigarette smoking and ventilatory threshold in the Japanese

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